巫山堇菜檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
巫山堇菜 |
中文學名:巫山堇菜 拉丁學名:Viola henryi H. de Boiss. 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:側膜胎座目 亞 目:山茶亞目 科:堇菜科 屬:堇菜屬 亞 屬:堇菜亞屬 組:雙緣柱頭堇菜組 |
巫山堇菜(wū shān jǐn cài,學名:Viola henryi)是堇菜科堇菜屬的植物,為我國的特有植物。產湖北、湖南、四川。生於海拔400-600米山谷密林下陰濕處。 [1]
巫山堇菜形態特徵
多年生草本,高達30-40厘米。根狀莖斜生或垂直,長達7厘米,粗約2-4毫米,節間長1-2厘米,密生多數細長的支根。地上莖單一或數條,直立,平滑無毛,基部無葉,中下部葉較稀疏,頂部葉密集。
葉片卵形或卵狀披針形,長3.5-8厘米,寬2-4厘米,基部淺心形或圓形,稍下延,先端長漸尖,邊緣具向內彎曲的鈍鋸齒,上面綠色,兩面散生短柔毛或近無毛;葉柄長1-8厘米,莖中、下部葉的葉柄較長,通常稍長於葉片,或與葉片近等長,頂部葉的葉柄明顯短於葉片;托葉綠色,卵形,長約5-7毫米,先端漸尖,邊緣具流蘇狀齒。
花淡紫堇色,生於頂部葉的葉腋;花梗細弱,遠較葉為短,上部具2枚近對生的鑽狀小苞片;
萼片狹條形,長約4毫米,寬約0.7毫米,先端稍尖,邊緣狹膜質,基部附屬物極短,末端截形;花瓣長圓狀倒卵形,上方花瓣長約10-12毫米,寬約4毫米,側方花瓣長約11毫米,寬約3毫米,裡面基部無鬚毛,下方花瓣連距長約9毫米;距淺囊狀,長2-3毫米,粗約2.5毫米;
花葯長約2毫米,藥隔頂端附屬物長約2毫米,下方雄蕊之距短角狀,長約2毫米,粗約2毫米;子房卵球形,無毛 (但原始記載有長柔毛) ,花柱棍棒狀,基部向前方稍膝曲,柱頭兩側及後方具稍肥厚的緣邊,前方具近直立的短喙,喙端具圓形的柱頭孔。
花期3-5月。 [2]
Viola henryi H. de Boiss. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 (11): 1075. 1901; W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34 (2): 425. 1917.
Herbs perennial, to 30-40 cm tall. Rhizome obliquely ascending or erect, to 7 cm, 2-4 mm in diam., with numerous long, slender rootlets. Stems solitary or several, erect, smooth, glabrous, leafless at base, few leaved at middle and lower parts, densely leaved at apex. Stipules green, ovate, 5-7 mm, margin fimbriate-dentate, apex acuminate; petioles 1-8 cm, those of leaves at middle and lower parts longer, usually slightly longer than or subequaling blades, those of leaves at apex conspicuously shorter than blades; blades adaxially green, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3.5-8 × 2-4 cm, both surfaces sparsely puberulous or subglabrous, base shallowly cordate or rounded, slightly decurrent, margin obtusely serrate, apex long acuminate. Flowers in leaf axils at apex, purplish violet; pedicels much shorter than leaves, slender, 2-bracteolate at upper part; bracteoles opposite, subulate. Sepals narrowly linear, ca. 4 × 0.7 mm, margin narrowly membranous, apex acuminate, basal auricles very short, apex truncate. Petals oblong-obovate, upper ones 1-1.2 cm × ca. 4 mm, lateral ones ca. 1.1 cm × 3 mm, glabrous, anterior one ca. 9 mm (spur included); spur shallowly saccate, 2-3 mm, ca. 2.5 mm in diam. Anthers ca. 2 mm, appendage of connectives ca. 2 mm, spur of 2 anterior stamens shortly angular, ca. 2 mm, ca. 2 mm in diam. Ovary ovoid-globose, glabrous; styles clavate, slightly geniculate forward at base; stigmas margined on lateral sides and abaxially, shortly beaked in front, beak nearly erect, with a rounded stigma hole at tip. Fl. May, fr. Jul.
巫山堇菜生長環境
生長於海拔400-600米山谷密林下陰濕處。