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| 托木尔黄耆 |
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中文学名:托木尔黄耆 拉丁学名:Astragalus dsharkenticu 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 目:豆目 亚 目:蔷薇亚目 科:豆科 亚 科:蝶形花亚科 族:山羊豆族 属:黄芪属 亚 属:裂萼亚属 种:托木尔黄耆 |
托木尔黄耆（tuō mù ěr huáng qí，学名：Astragalus dsharkenticus）是豆科黄芪属的植物。分布在中亚以及中国大陆的新疆等地，生长于海拔1,800米的地区，多生长在山坡草地。 [1]
托木尔黄耆形态特征
多年生草本。 根木质化, 粗壮弯曲。 根颈生多数蔓状的细茎，长13-40厘米，具伏贴的绒毛，淡绿色。
羽状复叶有7-11片小叶，长4-7厘米；叶柄较叶轴短，淡绿色或灰白色；托叶基部合生，上部狭三角状钻形，长1-2毫米，具黑、白混生毛；小叶通常披针形，稀长圆形，长10-20毫米，宽3-4毫米，锐尖，两面被白色伏贴毛。
总状花序生4-10花，排列紧密，近伞房状；花序轴和花梗被黑色毛；总花梗长5-15厘米，被白色伏贴毛，淡绿色；苞片披针形，长1-2毫米，近膜质，疏被黑、白混生毛；
花萼管状，长10-12毫米，被黑色或白色半伏贴毛，萼齿丝状，长为筒部的1/4或1/5；
花冠淡黄色，旗瓣长17-22毫米，倒卵形，先端微凹，中部缢缩，下部收狭成瓣柄，翼瓣长16-20毫米，瓣片线状长圆形，先端偏斜，2浅裂，较瓣柄稍长，龙骨瓣较翼瓣短，瓣片半长圆形，较瓣柄稍短；子房无柄。
荚果长20-30毫米，宽2-3毫米，呈弧状，被黑色或黑白混生、半开展、有时旋卷的白色毛，有短尖头，腹缝线龙骨状凸起，背缝线微具沟槽，假2室，每室含种子多颗。
花期5-6月，果熟期6-7月。 [2]
Astragalus dsharkenticus Popov in Not. Syst. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. USSR 10: 11. 1947; Gamaiun. et Fisjun in Pavl. Φπ. Казахст. 5: 249. t. 33 (1). 1961; S. B. Ho in Bull. Bot. Res. 3 (1): 62. 1983.
Astragalus dsharkenticus var. gongliuensis S. B. Ho.
Plants subshrubby, 12-20 cm tall, with appressed ± medi-fixed hairs 0.5-1 mm. Stems several, branched at base, old parts lignified, stems of current year 3-10 cm, loosely hairy, some-times glabrescent. Leaves 4-8 cm; stipules 2-3 mm, shortly adnate to petiole, shortly connate behind stem, sparsely black and white hairy or nearly glabrous; petiole 1.2-2.5 cm, like rachis loosely hairy; leaflets in 4-9 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 5-20 × 3-4 mm, abaxially loosely hairy, adaxially sparsely hairy, apex rounded to subacute. Racemes short, densely 5-10-flow-ered; peduncle 5-15 cm, sparsely to loosely hairy; bracts 1.5-2 mm, sparsely black and white hairy. Calyx 11-13 mm, loosely covered with subappressed predominantly black hairs, some-times on ventral side with predominantly white and on dorsal side with predominantly black hairs; teeth 2-2.5 mm. Petals pale yellow; standard obovate, 20-22 × 7-8 mm, apex deeply emarginate, slightly constricted below middle; wings 16-19 mm, limbs oblong, apex obliquely and deeply emarginate; keel 13-17 mm. Legumes with a stipe ca. 2 mm, erect to spreading, linear, slightly to distinctly upcurved to nearly semicircular, 25-30 mm, 3-3.5 mm high and wide, with a straight beak ca. 1 mm, 2-locular; valves densely covered with ascending to spreading, strongly asymmetrically bifurcate, white hairs up to 1.2 mm and with mostly distinctly shorter and more sym-metrically bifurcate black hairs.
Steppes; ca. 1800 m. NW Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan].
Astragalus dsharkenticus var. gongliuensis is said to differ from the typical variety mainly by its 6-13 (instead of 4-9) pairs of leaflets.Astragalus dsharkenticus var. gongliuensis is said to differ from the typical variety mainly by its 6-13 (instead of 4-9) pairs of leaflets.
托木尔黄耆生长环境
生长于海拔1890米以上的山坡草地。[3]
托木尔黄耆分布范围
主要产于新疆西部（阿克苏、昭苏）。中亚地区也有分布。 [4]托木尔黄耆 ．中国植物物种信息数据库[引用日期2012-12-22]
托木尔黄耆主要价值
为当地优良牧草。
托木尔黄耆变种
巩留黄耆（植物研究） 图版79：9-14
var. gongliuensis S. B. Ho in Bull. Bot. Res. 3 (1): 63. f. 16. 1983.
木变种与原变种不同之点在于：羽状复叶有13-27片小叶；小叶长圆形或狭椭圆形，先端钝圆或急尖，上面无毛或仅边缘被稀疏的毛，绿色。
产新疆（巩留、特克斯、昭苏）。生于海拔1 000米左右的沙荒地上。模式标本采自巩留县莫合林场。
为当地优良牧草之一。