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曼哈顿

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{{noteTA
|G1=美国州份
|T=zh-hans:曼哈顿;zh-hk:曼哈顿;zh-tw:曼哈顿;
|1=zh-hans:曼哈顿;zh-hk:曼哈顿;zh-tw:曼哈顿;
|2=zh-hans:哈莱姆; zh-hant:哈林;
|3=zh-hans:哈得孙; zh-hant:哈德逊;
|4=zh-tw:郡;zh-cn:县;zh-hk:县;
}}
{{他用|subject=纽约其中一个区|曼哈顿 (消歧义)}}
{{Infobox settlement<!--See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields that may be available--><!--See the Table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--><!-- Basic info ---------------->|name=曼哈顿|official_name= 纽约县|other_name= |native_name={{lang|en|Manhattan}}|nickname=|settlement_type=[[纽约市]]的[[行政区 (纽约市)|行政区]]|total_type=<!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|image_skyline=Top of Rock Cropped.jpg|imagesize=|image_caption=2006年1月黄昏时的[[曼哈顿中城]],向南能够看到[[洛克菲勒中心]]。|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_sea=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_blank_emblem=|blank_emblem_type=|blank_emblem_size=|image_map=New York City location Manhattan.svg|mapsize=|map_caption=曼哈顿位于[[纽约市]]的位置(红色)。|pushpin_map=<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->|pushpin_label_position=<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->|pushpin_map_caption=|pushpin_mapsize=<!-- Location ------------------>|coordinates_region=US-NY|subdivision_type = [[主权国家|国家]]|subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{flag|United States of America}}}}|subdivision_type1= [[美国州份|州]]|subdivision_name1= {{flag|New York}}|subdivision_type2= [[纽约州行政区划|县]]|subdivision_name2= {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of New York City.svg}} 纽约县}}|subdivision_type3= [[纽约州城市列表|市]]|subdivision_name3 = {{flagicon image|Flag of New York City.svg}} [[纽约|纽约市]]<!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government -->|seat_type=|seat=|parts_type=|parts_style=<!--=list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format) Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5-->|parts=<!-- parts text, or header for parts list -->|p1=|p2=<!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed--><!-- Politics ----------------->|government_footnotes=|government_type= [[行政区 (纽约市)|行政区(纽约市)]]|leader_title=行政区长|leader_name=盖尔·布鲁尔(D)<br>—(曼哈顿区)|leader_title1=检察官|leader_name1=小塞勒斯·凡斯<br>—(纽约县)|established_title=定居|established_date=1624年<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=US|area_footnotes=|area_total_sq_mi=33.77|area_land_sq_mi=22.96|area_water_sq_mi=10.81|area_water_percent=<!-- Elevation -------------------------->|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=|elevation_ft=|elevation_max_m=|elevation_max_ft=|elevation_min_m=|elevation_min_ft=<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of= 2013年|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=1,626,159|population_density_sq_mi=70,517.9<!-- General information --------------->|timezone= [[北美东部时区|EST]]|utc_offset= -5|timezone_DST= [[北美东部时区|EDT]]|utc_offset_DST= -4|latd=40|latm=43|lats=42|latNS=N|longd=73|longm=59|longs=39|longEW=W<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|postal_code=|area_code=|website= {{url|http://www.mbpo.org/}}<!--Official Website of the Manhattan Borough President-->|footnotes=}}'''曼哈顿''' ({{lang-en|Manhattan}} (Manhattan )是[[美国]][[纽约市]]5个[[行政区 (纽约市)|行政区]]之中最人口稠密的一个,与'''纽约县'''(New York County)范围相当。这个行政区主要由一个岛组成,并被[[东河 (纽约市)|东河]]、[[哈德逊河]]以及[[哈林河]]包围,并同时包括邻近的一些小岛屿和唯一在北美本土大陆上的飞地[[大理石山]]。曼哈顿被形容为整个美国的经济和文化中心<ref>Barry, Dan. [http://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/11/nyregion/nation-challenged-new-york-new-york-carries-but-test-its-grit-has-just-begun.html "A Nation challenged: in New York; New York Carries On, but Test of Its Grit Has Just Begun"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', October 11, 2001. Accessed 2009-06-30. "A roaring void has been created in the financial center of the world."</ref><ref>Sorrentino, Christopher. [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/16/nyregion/thecity/16toug.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1 "When He Was Seventeen"], ''The New York Times'', September 16, 2007. Accessed 2007-12-22. "In 1980 there were still the vestigial remains of the various downtown revolutions that had reinvigorated New York's music and art scenes and kept Manhattan in the position it had occupied since the 1940s as the cultural center of the world."</ref><ref>Bumiller, Elisabeth. [http://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/08/nyregion/pope-s-visit-cardinal-pope-s-important-ally-cardinal-shines-high-hierarchy.html "The Pope's visit: the cardinal; As Pope's Important Ally, Cardinal Shines High in Hierarchy"], ''The New York Times'', October 8, 1995. Accessed 2007-12-18. "As the Archbishop of the media and cultural center of the United States, Cardinal O'Connor has extraordinary power among Catholic prelates."</ref>,也是[[联合国总部大楼]]的所在地<ref>{{cite web|url=http://visit.un.org/wcm/content/|title=United Nations Visitors Centre|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=2013-07-03|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924091240/http://visit.un.org/wcm/content|archivedate=2010-09-24}}</ref>。[[下曼哈顿]]的[[华尔街]]是世上其中一个最重要的金融中心<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/london-lags-new-york-as-world-financial-capital-2012-11-12|title=London lags New York as world financial capital|publisher=Copyright © 2013 MarketWatch, Inc. All rights reserved|date=2012-11-12|accessdate=2013-02-04}}</ref>,有高达1.2万亿的[[本地生产总值]]<ref>see references:
* {{cite web|url=http://articles.businessinsider.com/2011-07-31/markets/30005560_1_cities-economic-output-gdp|title=Top 8 Cities by GDP: China vs. The U.S.|publisher=Copyright © 2012 Business Insider, Inc. All rights reserved|date=2011-07-31|accessdate=2012-04-10|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205063107/http://articles.businessinsider.com/2011-07-31/markets/30005560_1_cities-economic-output-gdp|archivedate=2013-02-05}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.cnbc.com/id/29862382/The_World_s_Most_Expensive_Real_Estate_Markets?slide=9|title=The World's Most Expensive Real Estate Markets|publisher=CNBC|accessdate=2010-05-31}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.indonewyork.com/contents/New%20York/Kota%20New%20York/Chinatown/Chinatown.htm|title=Chinatown|publisher=Indo New York|accessdate=2013-07-02|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20120303181654/http://www.indonewyork.com/contents/New%20York/Kota%20New%20York/Chinatown/Chinatown.htm|archivedate=2012年3月3日|df=}}</ref>。[[格林尼治村]]的[[石牆酒吧]]被认为是[[LGBT权利运动]]的催化剂<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/diversity/stonewall.htm|title=Workforce Diversity The Stonewall Inn, National Historic Landmark National Register Number: 99000562|publisher=National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior|accessdate=2013-07-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/2012_Presidential_Election/Obama_inaugural_speech_references_Stonewall_riots.html|title=Obama inaugural speech references Stonewall gay-rights riots|publisher=North Jersey Media Group Inc|date=2013-01-21|accessdate=2013-07-02|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530065722/http://www.northjersey.com/news/2012_Presidential_Election/Obama_inaugural_speech_references_Stonewall_riots.html|archivedate=2013-05-30}}</ref>。曼哈顿也同时拥有大量的高中和大学<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ny.com/academia/colleges.html|title=NYC Colleges and Universities|publisher=Mediabridge Infosystems, Inc.|accessdate=2013-07-02}}</ref>,其中包括世界排名前50的知名学府如[[哥伦比亚大学]]、[[纽约大学]]以及[[洛克斐勒大学]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arwu.org/ARWU2010.jsp |title=Academic Ranking of World Universities |publisher=Arwu.org |accessdate=2013-07-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822192839/http://www.arwu.org/ARWU2010.jsp |archivedate=2010-08-22 }}</ref>。由于纽约市是于曼哈顿的南端创立,故此[[纽约市政府]]的所在地[[纽约市政厅]]也位于此。
 
{{纽约市行政区}}
 
== 名称 ==
曼哈顿({{lang|en|''Manhattan''}} )这个名称来源自{{lang|en|"Manna-hata"}} ,最早出自罗伯特·朱艾特 ({{lang|en|Robert (Robert Juet}} )1609年的航海日志中。他是[[亨利·哈德逊]]率领的{{link-en| 半月 号|Halve 号Halve Maen}} 指挥船上的一名官员<ref>[http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-history-hs216a1v,0,919043.story?coll=ny-lihistory-navigation Full Text of Robert Juet's Journal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090518023333/http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-history-hs216a1v,0,919043.story?coll=ny-lihistory-navigation |date=2009-05-18 }}: From the collections of the [[New-York Historical Society]], Second Series, 1841 log book, ''[[Newsday]]''. Retrieved 2007-05-16.{{dead link|date=July 2011}}</ref>。1610年的一张地图上已经将此地的毛里求斯河 ({{lang|en|Mauritius (Mauritius River}} ,今[[哈得逊河]])的东西两岸标注为 “{{lang|en|Manna“Manna-hata}} ”。而“曼哈顿”一词是从当地原住民{{link-en| [[ 雷纳佩人|Lenape}} ]] 的语言中翻译来的,在原住民语言中原意指“多山的岛屿”<ref name=Mannahatta>Holloway, Marguerite. [http://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/16/nyregion/urban-tactics-i-ll-take-mannahatta.html "Urban tactics; I'll Take Mannahatta"], ''The New York Times'', May 16, 2004, accessed 2009-06-30. "He could envision what Henry Hudson saw in 1609 as he sailed along Mannahatta, which in the Lenape dialect most likely meant ''island of many hills.''"</ref>。曼哈顿一名在[[台山话]]中音译为'''民铁吾'''。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xkb.com.cn/guoji/2010/0722/78982.html|title=纽约“唐话”变迁史|publisher=[[新快报]]|date=2010-07-22|accessdate=2015-02-14|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213181818/http://news.xkb.com.cn/guoji/2010/0722/78982.html|archivedate=2015年2月13日|df=}}</ref>
纽约县是美国所有县份中仅有的与所在州同名的七个县之一。其他六个则是[[阿肯色县]]、[[夏威夷岛|夏威夷县]]、[[爱达荷县 (爱达荷州)|爱达荷县]]、[[爱荷华县 (爱荷华州)|爱荷华县]]、[[奥克拉荷马县]]和[[犹他县]]。
== 历史 ==
[[File:Manhattan00.jpg|thumb|1873年曼哈顿和纽约市鸟瞰图]]
[[File:Manhattan 1931.jpg|thumb|1931年曼哈顿和纽约市鸟瞰图]]
「曼哈顿」(意为“多丘之岛”或“陶醉之地”)这个名字来自于[[阿尔冈昆诸语言|阿尔冈昆诸语]],这族人是已知最早居住在此岛上的部落。传说此岛是用总价24美元的念珠和其他小玩意儿买下的。1624年,[[荷兰人]]在这里定居,当时取名为新阿姆斯特丹(New Amsterdam),后来荷兰人为英国人所驱逐,新阿姆斯特丹也因而改名为纽约。
== 地理 ==
[[File:NASA Manhattan.jpg|thumb|150px|left|曼哈顿岛]]
[[纽约市]]是由五个区(boroughs)组成,然而从另一个行政角度划分的话,市又分别由五个郡组合(和五个区的边界分别相同),这点和美国其他地方“郡大于市”的情况不同:
* [[纽约郡]]——曼哈顿区
曼哈顿官方上是纽约郡的郡政府所在地,但实际上没有意义,因为纽约郡的边界和曼哈顿一样,并不包括其他的地区。
 
== 人口 ==
{{Historical populations
|type= USA
|1656|1000
|1698|6788
|1711|10538
|1730|11963
|1731|8628
|1756|15710
|1773|21876
|1774|23600
|1782|29363
|1790|33131
|1800|60489
|1810|96373
|1820|123706
|1830|202589
|1840|312710
|1850|515547
|1860|813669
|1870|942292
|1880|1164674
|1890|1441216
|1900|1850093
|1910|2331542
|1920|2284103
|1930|1867312
|1940|1889924
|1950|1960101
|1960|1698281
|1970|1539233
|1980|1428285
|1990|1487536
|2000|1537195
|2010|1585873
|NaN= 1636268
|2016|1643734
|source=<center>U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=2016-06-04}}</ref></center>
|footnote='''Sources:'''<ref name=ManhattanQuickFacts>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045216/36061,00|title=New York County (Manhattan Borough), New York State & County QuickFacts|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2017-06-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027/twps0027.html|title=Population of the 100 largest cities and other urban places in the United States: 1790 to 1990|author=Campbell Gibson|publisher=United States Bureau of the Census}}</ref><ref name="USCensusEst2016">{{cite web|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2016/PEPANNRES/0500000US36061|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016 Population Estimates - New York County, New York|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2017-06-11}}</ref>
}}
纽约郡是全[[美国]]人口密度最高的郡。
纽约郡户均年收入是47030美元;家庭平均年收入是50229美元。男性为51856美元;女性为45712美元。人均年收入则是42922美元。20.0%的总人口和17.6%的家庭生活在[[贫困线]]以下。31.8%的18岁以下人口和18.9%的65岁及以上人口生活在[[贫困线]]以下。
 
== 地标 ==
[[File:Lower Manhattan from Helicopter.jpg|thumb|2010年曼哈顿和纽约市鸟瞰图]]
 
=== 名胜 ===
* [[帝国大厦]](The Empire State Building)
* [[时报广场]](Times Square)
* [[哥伦布圆环]](Columbus Circle)
[[File:Dragon in Chinatown NYC Lunar New Year.jpg|thumb|[[曼哈顿华埠]]景象。纽约是亚洲外最大的[[海外华人]]聚居地<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.ny.com/articles/chinatown.html
|title=The History of New York's Chinatown
|author=Sarah Waxman
|publisher=Mediabridge Infosystems, Inc.|accessdate=2011-03-05
}}</ref>。]]
 
=== 社区 ===
* [[曼哈顿华埠]](Chinatown)
* [[曼哈顿音乐学院]](Manhattan School of Music)
* [[帕森设计学院]](Parsons School of Design)
* [[库伯联盟学院|-{zh-hans: , 糕包联盟学院;zh-hk: 糕包联盟学院;zh-tw: 库柏联盟学院;}-]](The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art)
* [[福特汉姆大学]](Fordham University)
* [[视觉艺术学院 (纽约)|视觉艺术学院]](School of Visual Arts)
== 主要街道 ==
曼哈顿的街道有大道(Avenue)和街(Street)两种命名方式,大道通常为南北向,街通则常为东西向。
{{纽约市市区主要大道}}
;大道(南北向)
== 建筑 ==
[[File:Manhattan3 amk.jpg|thumb|right|320px|曼哈顿中城密集的高楼群。]]
* Urban Canyon
** [[曼哈顿下城|下城]](Downtown)
* [[纽约广场一号]]
* 葛兰特将军墓(General Grant's Tomb)
 
{{Panorama
| image = File:NYC Top of the Rock Pano.jpg
| caption = 从[[GE Building|通用电气大厦]]观景台看[[Midtown Manhattan|曼哈顿]]
| height = 170
}}
 
{{Panorama
| image = File:Upper and Middle Manhattan.jpg
| caption = 曼哈顿
| height = 130
}}
 
{{Panorama
| image = File:NYC Panorama edit2.jpg
| caption = 曼哈顿全景
| height = 100
}}
== 桥梁与隧道 ==
{{seealso|纽约交通#桥梁与隧道}}
[[File:NYEastRiver_From_WTC.jpg|right|250px|thumb|桥梁及隧道为曼哈顿岛重要的联外要道。]]
由于曼哈顿岛四周环水,因此[[桥梁]]及[[隧道]]数量众多,是其一大特色。这些桥梁及隧道对曼哈顿的发展贡献甚钜,因为桥梁是民众往来曼哈顿及郊区间的必经通道,隧道亦然。但每逢上下班尖峰时刻,桥梁和隧道反而变成了[[交通瓶颈]]。
* [[林肯隧道]](Lincoln Tunnel - 39th Street)
* [[乔治华盛顿大桥]](George Washington Bridge - 179th Street)
{{NYC Bridge}}
== 道路东西分段 ==
* [http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/3/8/4/13842/13842-h/13842-h.htm 曼哈顿故事]Charles Hemstreet编写。
* [http://www.hanifworld.com/Manhattan-NewYork.htm 曼哈顿意见]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050403053547/http://www.lodgephoto.com/galleries/usa/newyork/ 曼哈顿照片]
 
=== 地图 ===
* [http://www.citidex.com/map/ 纽约地图指南]
* [http://translate.google.com/translate?langpair=fr%7Cen&hl=en&prev=%2Flanguage_tools&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insecula.com%2Fmusee%2FM0100.html/ 曼哈顿街道]
 
{{New_York_City}}
{{New York}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Manhattan}}
 
[[Category:曼哈顿| ]]
[[Category:纽约州岛屿]]
[[Category:纽约州行政区划]]
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