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中文学名:核果木 拉丁学名:Drypetes indica (Muell. Arg.) Pax et Hoffm. 别 称:南仁铁色 琼中核果木 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 科:大戟科 属:核果木属 |
核果木(hé guǒ mù，学名 Drypetes indica (Muell. Arg.) Pax et Hoffm.，异名：Drypetes hieranensis Drypetes longipes Drypetes karapinensis Cyclostemon karapinense Drypetes nienkui Cyclostemon indicus Drypetes karapinensis var. hieranensis Drypetes griffithii Drypetes lancifolia Cyclostemon lancifolius Cyclostemon karapinensis Cyclostemon griffithii Cyclostemon hieranensis)为大戟科乔木，高达15米；枝条伸长，小枝密被皮孔；除萼片外面、子房和果被柔毛外，全株均无毛。产于中国台湾、广东、海南、广西、贵州、云南。 [1]
核果木形态特征
叶片革质或厚纸质，椭圆状长圆形、卵状长圆形、长圆状披针形或披针形，长8-15厘米，宽3-6厘米，顶端尾状渐尖，尖头钝，基部楔形至钝，两侧常不相等，全缘；侧脉每边6-8条，网脉密而明显；
叶柄长3-10毫米，干后常有横皱纹。雌雄异株，稀同株，总状花序腋生或顶生；雄花：花梗长2-5毫米；萼片4，长约2毫米；花盘圆盘状，边缘稍隆起，浅裂；雄蕊4-8，着生于花盘浅裂凹缺处，花丝圆柱形，花药椭圆形至近圆形；
雌花：花梗长达2厘米；萼片与雄花的相同；子房圆球形，2-3室，花柱2，伸长，柱头盾状，顶端全缘。
蒴果单生或数个组成总状呈圆球形，直径12-18毫米，顶端稍压，2-3室，每室具1个种子，外果皮干时近革质，内果皮纸质；果梗长2.5-4厘米。
花果期11月-翌年2月。 [2]
Drypetes indica (Muell. Arg.) Pax et Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenr. 81 (IV. 147. XV): 278. 1921: Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 26(2): 255. 1972; P. T. Li in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 26: 59. 1988. ——Cyclostemon indicus Muell. Arg. in Linnaea 32: 81. 1863, et in DC. Prodr. 15 (2): 481. 1866; Hook, f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 340. 1887.——C. karapinensis Hayata, Icon. Formos. 5: 198. 1915. ——C. hieranensis Hayata, l. c. 6: 42. 1916. ——Drypetes karapinensis (Hayata) Pax et Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenr. 81(IV. 147. XV): 248. 1921; H. Keng in Taiwania 6: 41. 1955: Li, Fl. Woody Taiwan 422. 1963: Hsieh in Li, Fl. Taiwan 3: 458. 1977. ——D. hieranensis (Hayata) Pax et Hoffm. in l. c. ; Hsieh in l. c. 458, Pl. 686. ——D. nienhui Merr. et Chun in Sunyatsenia 2: 258. 1935: 海南植物志2: 140. 1965. ——D, karapinensis (Hayata) Pax et Hoffm. var. hieranensis (Hayata) Hurusawa in Journ. Fac. Sci. Tokyo Bot. III, 6 (6): 334. 1954. ——D. longipes X. H. Song in Journ. Nanjing Inst. For. 1: 74, fig. 1. 1986.
Trees to 15 m tall, rarely monoecious, glabrous except for pubescent sepals, ovary, and fruits; branchlets densely lenticellate. Petiole 3-10 mm, usually transversely rugose when dry; leaf blade elliptic-oblong, ovate-oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 8-15 × 3-6 cm, leathery or thickly papery, base cuneate to rounded, usually oblique, margin entire, apex caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 6-8 pairs, reticulate veins dense and prominent. Inflorescences on slender, leafy, axillary shoots. Male flowers: pedicels 2-10 mm; sepals 4, ca. 2 mm; disk rounded-discoid, entire or margin slightly elevated and shallowly divided; stamens 4-8, inserted at sinus of disk; filaments terete. Female flowers: ovary globose, 2- or 3-celled; styles 2 or 3, elongate; stigma peltate or flabellate, entire. Fruiting pedicels 2.5-4 cm; drupes solitary, globose, 12-22 mm in diam., 2- or 3-celled, 1-seeded; exocarp subleathery-dry; endocarp papery. Fl. and fr. Nov-Feb.
核果木生长环境
核果木生于海拔400-1600米山地林中。
核果木分布范围
产于中国台湾、广东、海南、广西、贵州、云南，分布于印度、锡金、缅甸、泰国等。模式标本采自印度东北部卡西亚。