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细齿南星 |
中文名:细齿南星 拉丁学名:Arisaema serratum (Thunb.) Schott 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:单子叶植物纲 亚 纲:泽泻亚纲 目:泽泻目 科:天南星科 族:天南星族 属:天南星属 种:细齿南星 分布区域:我国陕西 分布于日本 |
细齿南星(xì chǐ nán xīng,学名 Arisaema peninsulae Nakai,俗名:天南星、大参、朝鲜南星,异名:Arisaema serratum Arisaema angustatum var. peninsulae ),喜温带气候,形态似掌。产我国陕西太白山、华山等地。分布于日本。 [1]
细齿南星形态特征
块茎扁球形,白色或褐色,具绉,直径2-5厘米,鳞叶3,淡紫色或紫色,有紫色斑块。
叶2,叶柄鞘长30-60厘米,紫色,具暗紫色斑块,圆筒状,顶部几截平,叶柄不具鞘部分长8-10厘米,圆柱形。
叶片鸟足状分裂,裂片5-13,长圆形或椭圆形,全缘或具细齿,中裂片长约10厘米,宽2.5-3厘米,侧裂片依次渐小。
花序柄略短于叶柄,淡紫色至深紫色。佛焰苞圆柱形,管部长5.5-7.5厘米,紫色至深紫色,有白色条纹,边缘略外卷;檐部卵形,浓紫色,下弯,先端渐狭,长7厘米,宽4-5厘米。[2]
肉穗花序单性,雄花序圆锥形,长1.5厘米,基部粗1厘米,花药深紫色;附属器紫色,棒状,具纵条纹,长4厘米,上部粗8-9毫米,基部较狭,截形,具长5-6毫米的柄。 [3]
分类文献
Arisaema serratum (Thunb.) Schott, Melet. 1: 17. 1832; Blume in Rumphia 1: 107. 1835 p. p.; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 19. 1841; Nakai in Icon. Pl. As. Orient. 2 (2) : tab, 56. 1937. ——Arum serratum Thunb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 338. 1792, in Icon. Pl. Jap. 4: t. 8. 1802. ——Arisaema japonicum Blume var. serratum Engl. in DC. , Monogr. Phan. 2: 549. 1879, partim. ——A. serratum f. a. Thunbergii Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 15: 128. 1901, p. min. p. et excl. syn. A. latisectum et A. angustatum; Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 43: 535. 1929, p. p. , excl. syn. latisectum et A. serratum b. euserratum. ——A. serratum var. ionochlamys Nakai in Icon. Pl. As. Orient. 2 (2) : tab. 56.1937.
Arisaema angustatum Franchet & Savatier var. peninsulae (Nakai) Nakai.
Tuber depressed globose, 1.5-5.5 cm in diam. Cataphylls 3, brownish with purple spots, 3-10 cm. Leaves 2; petiole 35-93 cm; pseudostem (sheathing part) 29-77 cm; leaf blade pedate; leaflets 7-17(-23); rachis well developed between terminal and lateral ones, and between lateral ones; leaflets narrowly elliptic, obovate-lanceolate, or ovate-oblong, base cuneate, margin entire or serrate, apex acuminate; central leaflet with petiolule 1-4 cm, blade 9-18 × 3.5-9 cm, gradually smaller outward; lateral leaflets remote from central one for 1-4 cm, shortly petiolulate or sessile, ca. as large as central one; outer lateral leaflets sessile and much smaller than central leaflet.
Peduncle erect, 30-80 cm. Spathe usually green with white stripes, or purplish to dark purple with whitish stripes; tube 5-8 × ca. 1.5 cm, throat obliquely truncate, scarcely recurved; limb incurved, usually green, or dark purple, oblong, 5-6 × 4-5 cm, apex acuminate. Spadix unisexual; female zone 1.5-3 cm × 5-7 mm; ovaries dense, narrowly ovoid; style short; stigma disciform; male zone 1-1.5 cm; synandria dense, sessile; anthers 2 or 3; thecae globose, dehiscing by apical pores. Appendix erect, cylindric, 3.5-4 cm × 3-6 mm, base truncate and stipitate, apex obtuse; stipe 4-5 mm. Berries reddish yellow, ovoid-globose, ca. 8 × 7 mm. Seeds 2 or 3, yellow-brown, ca. 4 mm in diam., rugose. Fl. May-Jun, mature fr. Sep.
Forests; below 500 m. Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin [Japan, Korea].
Chinese records of Arisaema serratum (Thunberg) Schott (e.g., in FRPS 13(2): 179. 1979) are referable to A. peninsulae.Chinese records of Arisaema serratum (Thunberg) Schott (e.g., in FRPS 13(2): 179. 1979) are referable to A. peninsulae.
细齿南星分布范围
细齿南星主要价值
适宜做地被材料或盆景应用。 [5]
参考来源
- ↑ 细齿南星, 植物智, 2020-01-18
- ↑ 细齿南星百科介绍-全球花木网手机版 细齿南星百科详情细齿南星学名 Arisaema serratum (Thunb.) Schott var. serratum别名花期生态性状耐阴植物科天南星科观赏性分类其它属天南星属 分布地区 据记载,产...
- ↑ 细齿南星 | Arisaema serratum | 泽泻目天南星科天南星属... 细齿南星(学名:Arisaema serratum)原产于日本和中国,并且是天南星科天南星属的耐寒性、非耐乾性、多年草的野草。让小花在被对叶子的刀鞘抱住了的花纹增长,被在...
- ↑ 细齿南星-大众本草 细齿南星含草酸钙晶体,干燥可降低不良影响,烧煮可能效果不佳,微波炉加热据说较有作用。 草酸钙晶体如经口摄入会严重刺痛口舌,并导致口咽部水肿、唾液分泌过多、失...
- ↑ 《中国植物志》 第13(2)卷 (1979) >> 179页 PDF >> 细齿南星 Arisaema serratum