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锡金堇菜 |
中文学名:锡金堇菜 拉丁学名:Viola sikkimensis W. Beck. 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 目:侧膜胎座目 亚 目:山茶亚目 科:堇菜科 属:堇菜属 亚 属:堇菜亚属 组:匍匐堇菜组 |
锡金堇菜(xī jīn jǐn cài,学名:Viola sikkimensis W. Beck.)为堇菜科堇菜属的植物。产我国云南、西藏(墨脱)。生长于海拔1,500米至3,000米的地区,多生于山地林下、溪谷、林缘或河旁。 [1]
锡金堇菜形态特征
多年生草本,无地上茎。根状茎短粗,长2-2.5厘米,粗4-7毫米,节密生,常残存褐色托叶。匍匐枝长达10余厘米,节间较长,节处生细根。
叶基生;叶片宽卵形或近圆形,长1.5-5厘米,宽1.5-4厘米,先端钝,基部深心形,边缘密生浅而圆的锯齿,两面无毛或疏生短毛,上面深绿色,下面灰绿色;叶柄长3-10厘米,无毛;托叶披针形,长1-1.3厘米,褐色,边缘具长流苏状齿。
花白色或淡紫色;花梗长于叶,无毛,中部以上有2枚小苞片;小苞片线形,近对生,边缘疏生细齿;萼片狭披针形,长5-6毫米,具3脉,无毛,基部附属物末端圆或疏生牙齿;
花瓣长圆状倒卵形,长10-12毫米,宽4-4.5毫米,侧方花瓣里面无须毛,下方花瓣较短,有紫色脉纹,连距长10-12毫米;距长约2毫米,粗约2.5毫米,稍膨大;下方雄蕊背部具角状短矩,较花芶稍长,末端钝;子房圆锥状,无毛,花柱棍棒状,向上渐增粗,柱头顶部平,两侧及后方具较宽展的缘边,前方具明显而直伸的短喙。
蒴果卵球形。[2] 花期4-5月,果期5-6月。
Viola sikkimensis W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34(2): 260. 1916; Chang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. n. s. 1(3): 241. 259. 1949; Hara in Ohashi, Fl. East. Himal. 3rd rep. 213. 1966; 云南种子植物名录 上册 208. 1984. ——V. hookeri Thomson in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 183. 1875, p. p.
Herbs perennial, acaulescent. Rhizome short, 2-2.5 cm, stout, 4-7 mm in diam., densely noded, often with brown remains of stipules. Stolon to more than 10 cm; internodes longer, producing rootlets at nodes. Leaves basal; stipules brown, lanceolate, 1-1.3 cm, margin long fimbriate-dentate; petiole 3-10 cm, glabrous; leaf blade abaxially gray-green, adaxially deep green and nitid, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 1.5-5 × 1.5-4 cm, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely puberulous, base deeply cordate, margin densely and shallowly crenate, apex obtuse. Flowers white or purplish; pedicels exceeding leaves, glabrous, 2-bracteolate above middle; bracteoles subopposite, linear, margin remotely denticulate. Sepals narrowly lanceolate, 5-6 mm, glabrous, 3-veined, basal auricles rounded or remotely dentate at apex. Petals oblong-obovate, 1-1.2 cm × 4-4.5 mm, lateral ones glabrous, anterior one purple veined, shorter, 1-1.2 cm (spur included); spur ca. 2 mm, ca. 2.5 mm in diam., slightly enlarged; spur of 2 anterior stamens angular, slightly longer than anthers, apex obtuse. Ovary conic, glabrous; styles clavate, gradually thickened upward; stigmas flat at apices, broadly margined on lateral sides and abaxially, shortly beaked at apex, beak straight. Capsule ovoid-orbicular. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May-Jun.
锡金堇菜生长环境
生长于海拔1500-3000米山地林下、林缘、溪谷或河旁等处。