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陳建同（Chen Jiann-Thorng）（1962年－）是中華民國陸軍中將，生於台灣省花蓮縣花蓮市，現任國防部軍醫局中將局長，曾任國防部軍醫局少將副局長、國防醫學院上校教學副院長、醫學系主任、陸軍後勤指揮部軍醫處少將處長，畢業於花崗國中、花蓮高中、國防醫學院醫學 系、獲得美國紐約州立大學哲學博士。三軍總醫院眼科部主治醫師。 中華民國眼科醫學會理事長 。學術專長：分子生物學，細胞學，病理學，眼科。
1998年，陳建同以論文: The Nature of the resistance to steroid hypertension in Wistar-Furth rats. 獲得紐約州立大學水牛城分校博士學位；指導教授是Dr.Samuel Gallant博士。
生平
醫療糾紛
因醫療糾紛，墮胎併發眼疾致失明，經法院判決，認定診治醫師陳建同在病情發生變化時，未重新檢查追查原因，延誤治療，改判三總及陳建同醫師判賠244 萬。經查證後，陳建同先生博士論文為內科高血壓之研究，非眼科，專業判斷受到質疑而導致醫療疏失。
博士論文爭議
陳建同博士所發表的論文，與Dr. Yu, Cheng-Ping之相似度高達百分之60，有學術剽竊plagiarism之可能性。由於近年來國軍高階將官論文抄襲事件層出不窮，前國防部長楊念祖閃辭，震驚全國，也啟動教育部對於高階將官博士論文之審查。 陳建同博士論文。 但反方辯護，陳建同博士1998年發表的博士論文，只有在結構和實驗設計上與Dr. Yu 於1997年所發表的博士論文，有部分雷同之處，並無學術剽竊的事實。因為在撰寫論文時，結構體上過於相似，造成誤解。雙方論點，仍然需協力廠商學術單位公證。因此，有關論文爭議事件，完全屬於假設，並非事實。
陳建同博士於1998年，發表的博士論文，題目如下:
- "The Nature of the Resistance to Steroid Hypertension in Wistar Furth Rats"
於1997年，Dr. Yu 所發表的博士論文，題目如下:
- "The Nature of the Resistance to Steroid Hypertension in Wistar Furth Rats"
- "Studies of Steroid-induced Hypertension in Wistar and Wistar/Furth Rats"
- 經過文本分析，內容相似度頗高，且實驗方法與設計，幾乎相同；英文的用字也非常雷同；由於發表的年分接近，學術剽竊的疑慮仍然存在，目前尚待查正並釐清。
論文摘要分析
協力廠商，對於兩位學者的論文摘要進行比對分析，結果如下。
Dr. Yu, 1997, Studies of Steroid-induced Hypertension in Wistar and Wistar/Furth Rats 論文摘要:
陳建同博士，1998年，The Nature of the Resistance to Steroid Hypertension in Wistar Furth Rats論文摘要:
“
Abstract
The Nature of the resistance of the Wistar-Furth(W/fu) rat strain to steroid hypertension was investigated.The basal levels of renal kallikrein mRNA and kallikrein activity measured in intact or uninephrectomized animals were higher in W/Fu than in WI rats. The induction of renal kallikrein mRNA in response to DOCA treatment was similar in both strains. However Renal kallikrein activity increased progressively in W/Fu rats and declined in WI rats. Both urinary total and active kallikrein activities were higher in DOCA-treated W/Fu rats than in the similar treated WI rats.
Co-adminstration of DOCA and Hoe 140, a bradykinin type 2 receptor antagonist, raised the blood pressure of W/Fu rats into the hypertension range. Furthermore, with this regimen W/Fu rats developed hypernatremia. These findings suggest that bradykinin(a product of kallikrein action) plays an important role in the resistance of W/Fu rats to mineralocorticoid hypertension. Collectively, these results suggest that W/Fu rats have a more active renal kallikrein-kinin system.
”
The Nature of the resistance of the Wistar-Furth(W/fu) rat strain to steroid hypertension was investigated.The basal levels of renal kallikrein mRNA and kallikrein activity measured in intact or uninephrectomized animals were higher in W/Fu than in WI rats. The induction of renal kallikrein mRNA in response to DOCA treatment was similar in both strains. However Renal kallikrein activity increased progressively in W/Fu rats and declined in WI rats. Both urinary total and active kallikrein activities were higher in DOCA-treated W/Fu rats than in the similar treated WI rats.
Co-adminstration of DOCA and Hoe 140, a bradykinin type 2 receptor antagonist, raised the blood pressure of W/Fu rats into the hypertension range. Furthermore, with this regimen W/Fu rats developed hypernatremia. These findings suggest that bradykinin(a product of kallikrein action) plays an important role in the resistance of W/Fu rats to mineralocorticoid hypertension. Collectively, these results suggest that W/Fu rats have a more active renal kallikrein-kinin system.
辯護方認為，雖然實驗設計方法類似，但實驗結果有差異，這本屬醫學研究上可容許範圍，雖然結構文體上有相似度，仍然不構成學術剽竊Plagiarism之定義上事實。因此，論文剽竊相關事件不存在。
洪仲丘事件記者會發言
2013年7月18日，時逢洪仲丘事件發生，而在當日，時任陸軍後勤指揮部軍醫處處長佔少]缺的陳建同被請去參與由時任陸軍司令李翔宙上將、政戰主任曾有福中將、陸軍六軍團指揮官陳泉官中將等人親自召開與全程參與的陸軍司令部記者會說明洪仲丘案相關事證。