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黄车轴草 |
中文名:黄车轴草 拉丁学名:Trifolium strepens Crantz 界:植物界 门:被子植物门(Angiospermae) 纲:双子叶植物纲(Magnoliopsida) 亚 纲:蔷薇亚纲(Rosidae) 目:豆目(Fabales) 亚 目:豆亚目 科:豆科(Leguminosae sp) 种:黄车轴草 T. strepens 分布区域:原产欧洲中部和北部, 我国见于引种栽培。 |
黄车轴草(huáng chē zhóu cǎo,学名:Trifolium strepens),为双子叶植物纲、豆科、车轴草属的一种植物。原产于欧洲中部和北部,后我国进行引种栽培。一年生草本,高10—40厘米,掌状三出复叶;托叶长披针形,先端长渐尖,总状花序近球形,紧密,花冠黄色。 [1]
黄车轴草形态特征
一年生草本,高(10)20—40厘米。茎直立或平卧上升,中部分枝,被贴伏短柔毛。掌状三出复叶;托叶长披针形,先端长渐尖,长1 l 5厘米,脉纹清晰,下半部与叶柄合生,托叶与叶柄几等长;
小叶等大.长圆状倒卵形,长10—17毫米,宽5—8毫米,纸质,先端钝,基部阔楔形,边缘上半部具不明显浅锯齿,侧脉10一18对,几不分叉,下面隆起;小叶柄甚短,叶片凋落后,叶柄残留在枝上。
总状花序近球形,紧密,花期中延伸成圆筒形,长1 5—2厘米,具花25—40朵;总花梗着生上部叶腋,长2—3厘米,比叶长;花长5—6毫米,开时下垂;花梗长不到1毫米;
萼钟形,长2 5-3.5毫米,稀被柔毛,萼齿锥形,不等长,下方3齿明显比上方2齿长,萼简短,具脉纹5条;花冠黄色,后变棕色,旗瓣舟形,基部渐狭,先端具不整齐缺刻。[2]
荚果长卵形,长2.5—3毫米,先端具宿存花柱,基部具颈;有种子1粒。花果期6—7月。 [3]
分类文献
Trifolium strepens Crantz. Stirp. Austr. 5: 411. 1769; Bobrov in Kom. Fl. URSS 11: 222. 1945.——T. agrarium Linn. Sp. Pl. 772. 1753 p. p. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 556. 1842.
Trifolium agrarium Linnaeus, nom. utique rej.; T. strepens Crantz, nom. illeg. superfl.
Annual herbs, appressed puberulent. Stems erect or as-cending, branched at middle, (10-)20-50 cm. Leaves palmately 3-foliolate; stipules lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm, veins prominent, ad-nate to petiole for ca. 1/2 their length, apex long acuminate; petioles equal to leaflets in lower leaves, shorter in upper leaves; leaflets obovate-oblong to narrowly elliptic, ± sessile, 10-23 × 5-8 mm, papery, lateral veins 10-18 pairs, base cuneate, mar-gins entire at base, serrate distally, apex obtuse (rarely emargi-nate). Flowers 25-40, imbricate in dense, globose to shortly cylindric racemes, 1.5-2 cm, axillary and terminal; peduncle as long as or longer than racemes; involucre and bracts absent; pedicels ca. 1 mm, reflexed after anthesis. Calyx 2-2.5 mm, veins 5; tube short; lower 3 teeth 2-2.5 × length of upper 2. Co-rolla yellow, turning brown, 6-8 mm; standard elliptic. Ovary long stipitate, oblong; style longer than ovary. Legume nar-rowly ovoid, 2.5-3 mm, stipitate, apex with persistent style. Seed 1, yellow-brown, ellipsoid, 1-1.2 mm. Fl. and fr. Jun-Jul.
Cultivated, escaped, and naturalized; roadsides, weedy areas. He-bei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi [native to SW Asia and C and N Europe].