三裂葉半夏
| 三裂葉半夏 |
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中文學名:半夏屬 拉丁學名:Pinellia Ten. 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:單子葉植物綱 目:天南星目 科:天南星科 族:天南星族 屬:半夏屬 分布區域:東亞 分布量:世界：6種；中國：5種 引種狀況:非引種 |
三裂葉半夏(sān liè yè bàn xià，學名 Pinellia tripartita (Blume) Schott，異名：Arisaema tripartitum Atherurus tripartitus Pinellia tripartita var. atropurpurea )一般指半夏屬 Pinellia Tenore，是天南星科植物，全世界共有6種，分布於東亞，我國有5種，半夏、滴水珠、盾葉半夏、石蜘蛛、虎掌，南北均產，其中最重要的為半夏P. ternata（Thunb. ）Breit.，塊莖入藥，能燥濕化痰，降逆止嘔，生用消癤腫，此外虎掌P. Pedatisecta Schott的塊莖亦供藥用。 [1]
目錄
半夏屬本屬描述
半夏屬是 多年生草本，具塊莖。葉和花序同時抽出。葉柄下部或上部，葉片基部常有珠芽；葉片全緣，3深裂、3全裂或鳥足狀分裂，裂片長圓橢圓形或卵狀長圓形，側脈纖細，近邊緣有集合脈3條。
花序柄單生，與葉柄等長或超過。佛焰苞宿存，管部席捲，有增厚的橫 隔膜，喉部幾乎閉合；檐部長圓形，長約為管部的2倍，舟形。
肉穗花序下部雌花序與佛焰苞合生達隔膜（在喉部），單側着花，內藏於佛焰苞管部；雄花序位於隔膜之上，圓柱形，短，附屬器延長的線狀圓錐形，超出佛焰苞很長。
漿果長圓狀卵形、略銳尖，有不規則的疣皺；胚乳豐富，胚具軸 。
花單性，無花被，雄花有雄蕊2，雄蕊短，縱向壓扁狀，藥隔細，藥室順肉穗花序方向伸長，頂孔縱向開裂，花粉無定形。雌花：子房卵圓形，1室，1胚珠；胚珠直生或幾為半倒生，直立，珠柄短。
Atherurus tripartitus Blume, Rumphia 1: 137. 1835; Arisaema tripartitum (Blume) Engler; Pinellia tripartita var. atropurpurea Makino.
Tuber subglobose, ca. 2.5 cm in diam.; cataphylls lanceolate, to 10 cm. Leaves 2-5; petiole green, 30-35 cm; leaf blade green, 3-partite; leaflets broadly ovate to ovate-oblong; anterior leaflet ca. 15 × 4-7 cm, apex ca. 1.5 cm; lateral leaflets smaller; primary lateral veins 8-12 per side on each leaflet, forming a distinct marginal collective vein, also with 2 thinner collective veins along margin. Inflorescence solitary; peduncle to 25 cm, shorter than petioles, slender.
Spathe whitish to light green, slightly constricted, 7-9(-10) cm; tube almost closed within by a transverse septum, gaping at base, oblong to subcylindric, ca. 3.5 × 1-1.25 cm; limb gaping, boat-shaped, oblong, ca. 4 × 2.5 cm. Spadix 20-25 cm; female zone ca. 3 cm, adnate to spathe; female flowers densely arranged; pistil 1-1.2 mm; ovary ovoid, 0.9-1 mm; style distinct, 0.2-0.3 mm, attenuate; stigma subhemispheric; sterile zone between female and male zone 0.6-0.7 cm; male zone 1.8-2 cm; thecae elongate, opening by a slit; appendix long exserted from spathe, sigmoid, 15-20 cm, base ca. 3 mm in diam., smooth. Berries pale green to whitish, ovoid, 1-seeded. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 26, 52.
Dense broad-leaved forests, forest margins, roadsides. Hong Kong [Japan].
Pinellia tripartita was considered endemic to Japan for a long time; it is first reported here from Hong Kong (C. Wright 508, P).Pinellia tripartita was considered endemic to Japan for a long time; it is first reported here from Hong Kong (C. Wright 508, P).
半夏屬下級分類
本屬植物我國有5種，分別為：
滴水珠 Pinellia cordata
石蜘蛛 Pinellia integrifolia
虎掌Pinellia pedatisecta
盾葉半夏 Pinellia peltata
半夏屬地理分布
半夏屬應用價值
半夏為著名的中藥材，其塊莖能人藥，具有燥濕化痰、降逆止嘔，用有消癤腫等功能。也可將其盆栽觀賞，此外虎掌的塊莖亦供藥用 。[4]