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利比亞航空在1964年成立時命名為'''利比亞王國航空'''，1965年10月開始提供服務，最初主要提供從的黎波里及[[班加西]]往鄰國及歐洲的航班，以及本國國內航班。至1968年，其航點包括[[雅典]]、[[貝魯特]]、[[開羅]]、[[日內瓦]]、[[倫敦]]、[[巴黎]]、[[羅馬]]和[[突尼斯市]]，使用[[快帆]]和[[福克F27]]飛機執行。以外利比亞航空與[[意大利航空]]、[[中東航空]]和[[英國海外航空]]有[[班號共用]]協議<ref>[http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/ln6804.htm Kingdom of Libya Airlines April 1968 timetable (international flights)]</ref>。
=== 格達費時期 ===
1969年[[穆阿邁爾·格達費]]掌權後，利比亞王國航空更名為利比亞阿拉伯航空。在1970年代，使用[[波音707]]營運長途航班及[[波音727]]營運短途航班，為航空公司的骨幹機種。1979年，由于该航空公司被怀疑将波音727用于军事用途，原计划交付利比亚阿拉伯航空的三架[[波音747]]订单被取消。<ref name=FI1979-816>{{cite journal|title=Airliner market |journal=[[Flight International]] |date={{Date|1979-3-17}} |volume=115 |number=3652 |page=816 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1979/1979%20-%200850.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018042132/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1979/1979%20-%200850.html |archivedate=2012-10-18 |quote=Libya is to receive three 747s for use by Libyan Arab Airlines on routes to Africa and Europe. The sale has been approved by the US State Department, which considers that the aircraft will not be "misused" for military purposes. No details of the version ordered by Libya are yet available. But even if they have no maindeck cargo facility, the sale has already provoked hostile reaction from the Senate foreign relations committee, which fears that the aircraft will be used to supply terrorist groups and radical regimes. The State Department has also approved the sale of three Boeing 727s to Libya }}</ref><ref name=FI1979-1978>{{cite journal|title=Airliner market |journal=[[Flight International]] |date={{Date|1979-6-9}} |number=3564 |volume=115 |page=1978 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1979/1979%20-%202064.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020012604/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1979/1979%20-%202064.html |archivedate=2013-10-20 |quote=Boeing will not, after all, be allowed to sell three 747s to Libya. The US State Department has reversed an earlier decision to allow the sale because of concern that Libya will use the aircraft to ferry military material and troops. Libyan Arab Airlines operates Boeing 727s and it is believed that these were used to support the Libyan expeditionary force in Uganda before the overthrow of the Amin regime }}</ref> 至1986年，歐洲航點包括[[阿姆斯特丹]]、[[貝爾格勒]]、[[布加勒斯特]]、[[布達佩斯]]、[[法蘭克福]]、[[伊斯坦堡]]、[[馬德里]]、[[米蘭]]、[[莫斯科]]、[[布拉格]]、[[索菲亞]]、[[維也納]]、[[華沙]]和[[蘇黎世]]<ref>[http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/complete/ln71/ Libyan Arab Airlines 1971 timetable at timetableimages.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/ln74i1.htm LAA 1974 international timetable at timetableimages.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930021942/http://timetableimages.com/ttimages/ln74i1.htm |date=2011-09-30 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/ln74i2.htm LAA domestic 1974 timetable at timetableimages.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930021953/http://timetableimages.com/ttimages/ln74i2.htm |date=2011-09-30 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.timetableimages.com/i-kl/ln8605i.jpg Libyan Arab Airlines 1986 route map]</ref> 。
=== 貿易制裁 ===
受[[聯合國安理會748號決議]]影響，認為利比亞政府有支援恐怖份子策動[[洛克比空難]]及[[法國聯合航空772號班機]]（{{lang-fr|Union des Transports Aériens}}），對利比亞實施貿易制裁，包括飛機供應和取消其在外國的飛航及起降權。這使利比亞航空無法執行任何國際航班，只能經營國內航線。由於無法取得西方國家的飛機零件供應，因此只好向[[蘇聯]]購入[[伊留申76]]和[[圖-154]]飛機。