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京族

增加 9,849 位元組, 5 年前
创建页面,内容为“{{pp-semi-sock}} {{About|百越雒越的一支、越南的主体民族|明代被屯田戍边的南京人|屯堡人}} {{Infobox Ethnic group |group= 京…”
{{pp-semi-sock}}
{{About|[[百越]][[雒越]]的一支、[[越南]]的主体民族|明代被屯田戍边的南京人|屯堡人}}
{{Infobox Ethnic group
|group= 京族<br />Gin/người Kinh/𠊚京
|image =
{{image array |perrow = 3 |width = 100 |height = 120
|image1 = VuaDinhTienHoang.jpg |caption1 = [[丁部领]]
|image2 = Ledaihanh.jpg |caption2 = [[黎桓]]
|image3 = Tượng Lý Thái Tổ.jpg |caption3 = [[李公蕴]]
|image4 = Statue of Tran Hung Dao, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.jpg |caption4 = [[陈兴道]]
|image5 = Nguyen Trai.jpg |caption5 = [[阮廌]]
|image6 = Chân dung Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh.jpg |caption6 = [[阮有镜]]
|image7 = PhanBoiChau.jpg |caption7 = [[潘佩珠]]
|image8 = Ho Chi Minh 1946.jpg |caption8 = [[胡志明]]
|image9 = Ngo Dinh Diem - Thumbnail - ARC 542189.png |caption9 = [[吴廷琰]]
|image10 = Vo Nguyen Giap3.jpg |caption10 = [[武元甲]]
|image11 = Baodai2.jpg |caption11 = [[保大帝]]
|image12 = NamPhuong.jpg |caption12 = [[南芳皇后]]
|image13 = Peter Nguyen Van Hung.JPG |caption13 = [[阮文雄 (神父)|阮文雄]]
|image14 = Ngo Bau Chau MFO.jpg |caption14 = [[吴宝珠]]
|image15 = Mai Phuong Thuy Vietnam Festival 2008 in Japan.jpg |caption15 = [[梅芳翠]]
}}
|population = 86,000,000
|regions = {{VIE}}{{nbsp|6}}81,328,696 (2015估计)<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html The World Factbook]</ref> <br><small>(佔越南人口的86%)
|region1 = {{USA}}
|pop1 = 1,548,449 <small>(2010)</small>
|ref1 = <ref>http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1</ref>
|region3 = {{CAM}}
|pop3= 600,000
|ref3 = <ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cb.html#People]</ref>
|region4 = {{FRA}}
|pop4 = 250,000
|ref4 = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.quehuong.org.vn/vi/nr041215095635/nr050107191630/ns050111144902 |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2007-02-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061224034320/http://www.quehuong.org.vn/vi/nr041215095635/nr050107191630/ns050111144902 |archivedate=2006-12-24 }}</ref>
|region5 = {{CAN}}
|pop5 = 220,425 <small>(2011)</small>
|ref5 =
|region6 = {{AUS}}
|pop6 = 210,800 <small>(2010)</small>
|ref6 = <ref>http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/1301.0~2012~Main%20Features~Country%20of%20birth~54</ref>
|region7 = {{ROC}}
|pop7 = 200,000 <small>(2014)</small>
|ref7 = <ref>[http://englishnews.ftv.com.tw/read.aspx?sno=E06119683C57611ACF3C574CC17A45B4 Vietnamese in Taiwan fear an anti-Vietnam backlash may soon ensue] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517120840/http://englishnews.ftv.com.tw/read.aspx?sno=E06119683C57611ACF3C574CC17A45B4 |date=2014-05-17 }}</ref>
|region8 = {{GER}}
|pop8 = 150,000
|ref8 =
|region9 = {{KOR}}
|pop9 = 143,000 <small>(2013)</small>
|ref9 = <ref>[http://www.immigration.go.kr/HP/COM/bbs_003/ListShowData.do?strNbodCd=noti0096&strWrtNo=126&strAnsNo=A&strOrgGbnCd=104000&strRtnURL=IMM_6050&strAllOrgYn=N&strThisPage=1&strFilePath=imm/]</ref>
|region10 = {{JPN}}
|pop10 = 135,657 <small>(2014)</small>
|ref10 = <ref>http://www.moj.go.jp/housei/toukei/toukei_ichiran_touroku.html</ref>
|region11 = {{LAO}}
|pop11 = 100,000
|ref11 =
|region12 = {{MAS}}
|pop12 = 87,000
|ref12 = <ref>http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php</ref>
|region13 = {{GBR}}
|pop13 = 55,000 - 70,000
|ref13 = <ref name=RM>{{cite web|url=http://www.runnymedetrust.org/publications/108/74.html|title=Vietnamese Community in Great Britain|publisher=Runnymede Trust|accessdate=2008-12-19}}</ref><ref>http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls</ref>
|region14 = {{CZE}}
|pop14 = 60,931 <small>(2010)</small>
|ref14 = <ref>http://www.czso.cz/csu/cizinci.nsf/t/45002E12A0/$File/c01t01.pdf</ref>
|region15 = {{POL}}
|pop15 = 45,000
|ref15 =
|region16 = {{RUS}}
|pop16 = 36,225
|ref16 = <ref>http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/TOM_04_03.xls</ref>
|region17 = {{PRC}}
|pop17 = 30,000
|ref17 =
|region18 = {{PHI}}
|pop18 = 27,600
|ref18 =
|region19 = {{THA}}
|pop19 = 19,876
|ref19 =
|region20 = {{NOR}}
|pop20 = 18,333 <small>(2006)</small>
|ref20 = <ref>http://www.ssb.no/vis/english/subjects/02/01/10/innvbef_en/art-2006-05-11-01-en.html</ref>
|region21 = {{NED}}
|pop21 = 18,000 <small>(2007)</small>
|ref21 =
|region22 = {{FIN}}
|pop22 = 4,000
|ref22 = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tienphong.vn/Tianyon/Index.aspx?ArticleID=109164&ChannelID=2 |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2012-05-29 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120529141054/http://www.tienphong.vn/Tianyon/Index.aspx?ArticleID=109164&ChannelID=2 |archivedate=2012-05-29 }}</ref>
|region23 = {{BUL}}
|pop23 = 1,500
|ref23 =
|languages = [[越南语]]、[[粤语]]、[[现代标准汉语]]
|rels = 主要信仰[[佛教]]和{{link-en|越南民间信仰|Vietnamese folk religion}}<br />少数信仰[[基督宗教]]([[新教]]、[[天主教]])
|related = [[芒族]]、广义[[汉族]]([[吴越民系]]、[[闽民系]]、[[广府民系]])
}}

'''京族'''(外文:Kinh、[[中国]]罗马字母拼写:Gin<ref>GB3304-91 [http://www.china-language.gov.cn/wenziguifan/shanghi/023.htm 中国各民族名称的罗马字母拼写法和代码] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115182846/http://www.china-language.gov.cn/wenziguifan/shanghi/023.htm |date=2011-11-15 }}</ref>,{{vie|hn=𠊚京|qn=người Kinh}}),亦称'''越族'''({{vie|hn=𠊚越|qn=người Việt}}),是[[越南]]的主体[[民族]]自称,越南北部少数民族传统上称京族为'''交人'''(Keo)<REF>[http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1432177 越南为什么自称“中华”],郭晔旻,[[澎湃新闻]],2016-02-29。</REF>,而这个名称源自历史上的[[交趾郡]]。佔越南总人口的86%,是狭义上的[[越南人]]。在中国境内,京族被视为[[少数民族]]之一。[[中华人民共和国国务院]]于1958年将中国境内的这个民族定名为京族,在越南官方也使用「京族」这一名称来区别于越南境内其他民族。

从语言学的角度来看,京族的母语[[京语]]通常被认为属于[[南亚语系]],故京族一般被视为南亚语系民族。另有一种说法认为,京族是[[百越]]后裔的[[壮侗语系]]民族之[[雒越]]为主体,加入[[南岛语系]]民族之[[占人]]、[[南亚语系]]民族之[[高棉人]]及[[汉藏语系]]民族之[[汉人]]而重新融合而成的民族。而由于长期受中国文化的影响,京族文化更接近于[[东亚]]而非[[东南亚]]。

==中华民国==
{{Main|在台越南人}}
[[中华民国]]([[台湾]])境内的京族人口完全是近40年移民的结果。由于政治([[越南战争]]后自[[越南共和国|南越]]逃亡而定居台湾)、社会(外籍配偶)、经济(越籍技术人员)等因素,中华民国的京族人口逐渐增加,近年已达总人口的1%左右<ref>[http://englishnews.ftv.com.tw/read.aspx?sno=E06119683C57611ACF3C574CC17A45B4 Vietnamese in Taiwan fear an anti-Vietnam backlash may soon ensue] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517120840/http://englishnews.ftv.com.tw/read.aspx?sno=E06119683C57611ACF3C574CC17A45B4 |date=2014-05-17 }}</ref>,因此也有少许在台越南人在社会各阶层出现。

==中华人民共和国==
[[中华人民共和国]]境内的京族主要分布在[[广西壮族自治区]][[东兴市]]江平镇的[[巫头]]、[[万尾]]、[[山心]]三个海岛,俗称“[[京族三岛]]”,[[中华人民共和国第五次全国人口普查|2000年人口普查]]京族人口22,584人,基本上能够通用[[粤语]]和[[汉字]]。中华人民共和国境内的京族祖先是16世纪初开始陆续从越南北部的[[涂山郡|涂山]]等地迁徒而来的,至今约有500年的历史。

==遗传学==
根据一项在[[法国]][[巴黎]]{{Link-en|圣路易医院|Hôpital Saint-Louis}}所做的研究:「研究比较表明京族与其他东方民族有密切的基因联繫」,但京族有七个独特的基因特徵。这些研究成果,以及京族遗留的[[台语民族|侗台]]酶形态,表明京族源于[[台语民族|侗台民族]]和[[马来人]]、[[汉人]]<ref name="NCBI">{{cite journal |author=Ivanova R, Astrinidis A, Lepage V, ''et al'' |title=Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in the Vietnamese population |journal=Eur. J. Immunogenet. |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=417–22 |pmid=10583463 |doi= |url=http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0960-7420&date=1999&volume=26&issue=6&spage=417 |date=December 1999 }}{{dead link|date=2018年2月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>。 根据另一项[[马偕医院]]的研究,京族和[[苗族]]、[[南方汉族]]、[[布依族]]、[[傣族]]被归类在同一基因组,该基因组又和[[新加坡华人]]、[[泰国华人]]、[[闽人]]、[[客家人]]的基因有部分相近<ref name="NCBI2">{{cite journal |author=Lin M, Chu CC, Chang SL, ''et al'' |title=The origin of Minnan and Hakka, the so-called "Taiwanese", inferred by HLA study |journal=Tissue Antigens |volume=57 |issue=3 |pages=192–9 |pmid=11285126 |doi= |url=http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0001-2815&date=2001&volume=57&issue=3&spage=192 |date=March 2001 }}{{dead link|date=2018年5月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>。

==相关条目==
*[[京语]]
*[[百越]]
*[[越地]]
*[[越侨]]
*[[在港越南人]]

==注释==
{{Reflist|2}}

==外部链接==
{{Commonscat|People of Vietnam}}
*[http://big5.china.com.cn/ch-shaoshu/index23.htm 京族的相关介绍] 之一
*[http://281sky.com/15race07.htm 京族的相关介绍] 之二

{{-}}
{{越南民族}}
{{中华民族}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:京族| ]]
[[Category:百越族]]
[[Category:越南民族]]
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