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雷夫·佛漢·威廉斯

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创建页面,内容为“{{noteTA |T=zh-cn:拉尔夫·沃恩·威廉斯; zh-tw:雷夫·佛漢·威廉斯; zh-hk:雷夫·佛漢·威廉士; |1=zh-cn:拉尔夫; zh-tw:雷夫; zh-hk:雷夫; |2=…”
{{noteTA
|T=zh-cn:拉尔夫·沃恩·威廉斯; zh-tw:雷夫·佛漢·威廉斯; zh-hk:雷夫·佛漢·威廉士;
|1=zh-cn:拉尔夫; zh-tw:雷夫; zh-hk:雷夫;
|2=zh-cn:沃恩·威廉斯; zh-tw:佛漢·威廉斯; zh-hk:佛漢·威廉士;
|3=zh-hans:威奇伍德;zh-hk:瑋緻活;zh-tw:威奇伍德;
|4=zh-hans:格洛斯特郡;zh-hk:告羅士打郡;zh-tw:; 格洛斯特郡;
}}

{{Infobox musical artist
| 中文名 = 雷夫·沃恩·威廉斯
| 画像 = Ralph Vaughan Williams in Dorking.JPG
| 附注 =
| 原文名 = Ralph Vaughan Williams
| 国别 = 英国
| 出生日期 = 1872年10月12日
| 出生地 = 格洛斯特郡下安普尼
| 逝世日期 = 1958年8月26日(85歲)
| 逝世地 = 伦敦
| 所属时期 = 浪漫主义,20世纪
| 所属乐派 =
| 擅长作品类型 = 交响曲,协奏曲,合唱,歌剧,管弦乐,室内乐,艺术歌曲,电影配乐
| 代表作 = 九部交响曲(《大海》“第一”,《伦敦》“第二”,《田园》“第三”,《南极》“第七”),弦乐《塔利斯主题幻想曲》,歌剧《约翰爵士谈恋爱》《天路历程》,小提琴与乐队《云雀高飞》,戏剧配乐《黄蜂》,大量合唱作品,大量歌曲
| 师从 = [[查尔斯·维利尔斯·斯坦福|斯坦福]],[[布鲁赫]],[[拉威尔]],[[休伯特·帕里|帕里]]
| 学生 = [[道格拉斯·利尔本|利尔本]]
| 官方网站 =
}}

'''雷夫·佛漢·威廉斯''',[[功績勳章 (英國)|OM]]({{lang-en|'''Ralph Vaughan Williams'''}},{{bd|1872年|10月12日|1958年|8月26日}}),[[英國]]作曲家。他亦是英國民歌的收集者。

== 生活 ==
=== 早年 ===
[[File:Darwin-Wedgwood-Galton family tree.png|thumb|達爾文-威奇伍德-加爾頓家庭譜系,指出威廉斯和達爾文、威奇伍德的關係]]

佛漢·威廉斯出生於[[格洛斯特郡]]的[[下安普尼]],而其父亞瑟·佛漢·威廉斯則是一名副主教。父親逝世後,他在1875年被其母親-{zh-hans:玛格丽特;zh-hk:瑪嘉烈;zh-tw:瑪格麗特;}-·蘇珊·威奇伍德(Margaret Susan Wedgwood,1843–1937,陶瓷家約書亞·威奇伍德之曾孫女)照顧,並於其位於市北處的利斯山地方的家庭同住。[[查爾斯·達爾文|達爾文]]為威廉斯的伯叔,兩者間頗有關係。
雷夫(英語作Rayf<ref name="Vaughan Williams">Vaughan Williams, Ursula.(1964)''R.V.W. A Biography of Ralph Vaughan Williams'', 牛津大學出版社,前言''Notes on Names''指Ralph之名音作Rayf,其他讀音對他是一種羞辱。</ref>)於是被稱作尊貴而聰明的中上階級,但他沒有視以為自然,仍努力不懈為其相信的民主和自由觀念奮鬥。<ref name=odnb>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/36636|title=‘Williams, Ralph Vaughan(1872–1958)’|first=Alain|last=Frogley|work=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|publisher=牛津大學出版社|format=需訂閱|month=9月|year=2004 — online edition May 2006|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/36636|accessdate=2008-01-16}}</ref>

作為一個學生,他學習鋼琴,「但我永不懂彈奏,而[[小提琴]]則是我音樂的拯救」。中学毕业之后,进入皇家音乐学院,然后进入剑桥三一学院学习音乐史,后又回到皇家音乐学院学习作曲。

1909年赴巴黎,就教於拉威爾,為拉威爾唯一的門徒。

他的音乐创作成就很晚,直到30岁他的一首名叫《Linden Lea》歌曲才成为他的第一个发表作品。他把很多精力用于收集民歌。

== 作品 ==
=== 歌劇 ===
*''Hugh the Drover''或''Love in the Stocks''(1910-20)
*''Sir John in Love''(約翰爵士談戀愛1924-28),即其創作之[[綠袖子]]主题幻想曲的來源。
*''The Poisoned Kiss''(1927-29,修訂版為1936-37及1956-57)
*''Riders to the Sea''(海上騎士、騎馬入海的人,1925-32),由約翰·米靈頓·辛奇(John Millington Synge)之劇本改編。
*''The Pilgrim's Progress''(天路歷程,1909-51),基於[[約翰·本仁]]之託寓詩

=== [[芭蕾]] ===
*''Old King Cole''(大王科爾,1923)
*''Job, a masque for dancing''(假面舞劇《約伯》,1930)

=== [[管弦樂]] ===
*[[交響曲]]
**《海洋交響曲》''A Sea Symphony''(1903-1909)
**《倫敦交響曲》''A London Symphony''(1913)
**《田園交響曲》''A Pastoral Symphony''(1921)
**f小調第4號交響曲(1931-34)
**D大調第5號交響曲(1938-43)
**e小調第6號交響曲(1946-47)
**《南極交響曲》''Sinfonia Antartica''(1949-52)(基於Scott of the Antarctic這套1948年的電影)
**d小調第8號交響曲(1953-55)
**e小調第9號交響曲(1956-57)
*《在郊野的沼澤上》''In the Fen Country''(1904)
*《第1諾福克幻想曲》''Norfolk Rhapsody No. 1(1906,1914修訂)
*《黄蜂》''The Wasps'',[[阿里斯托芬]]式組曲(1909)
*《泰利斯主题幻想曲》''Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis''(1910,1913及1919修訂)
*《[[綠袖子]]幻想曲》''Fantasia on "Greensleeves"''(1934)
*《迪夫與拉沙羅的五個變奏曲》''Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus''(1939)
*《大協奏曲》''Concerto Grosso''(1950)

=== 協奏曲 ===
*鋼琴
**C大調鋼琴協奏曲(1926-31)
**雙鋼琴協奏曲(1946,為上者之重製)
*小提琴
**《[[雲雀高飞]]》''The Lark Ascending,為小提琴和管弦樂所作(1914)
**《學院協奏曲》''Concerto Accademico'',為小提琴和管弦樂所作(1924-25)
*中提琴
**《田野之花》''Flos Campi''(中提琴、無詞合唱團、小型樂隊)(1925)
**《中提琴及小型管弦樂套曲》''Suite for Viola and Small Orchestra''(1936-38)
*雙簧管協奏曲,a小調,(雙簧管及弦樂器)(1944)
*為鋼琴、合唱團和交響樂團所寫的《為詩篇104篇而寫的幻想曲(類近變奏曲)》''Fantasia (quasi variazione) on the Old 104th Psalm Tune''(1949)
*為口琴及樂隊所寫的《降D大調浪漫曲》''Romance in D flat for harmonica and orchestra''(1951)(為拉利阿德勒Larry Adler所作)
*f小調大號協奏曲(1954)

=== 合唱 ===
*''Toward the Unknown Region'', song for chorus and orchestra, setting of Walt Whitman (1906)
*''Five Mystical Songs'' for baritone, chorus and orchestra, settings of George Herbert (1911)
*''Fantasia on Christmas Carols'' for baritone, chorus, and orchestra (1912; arranged also for reduced orchestra of organ, strings, percussion)
*Mass in G小調 for unaccompanied choir (1922)
*''Sancta Civitas'' (The Holy City) oratorio, text mainly from the Book of Revelation (1923-25)
*Te Deum in G (1928)
*''Benedicite'' for soprano, chorus, and orchestra (1929)
*''In Windsor Forest'', adapted from the opera ''Sir John in Love'' (1929)
*''Three Choral Hymns'' (1929)
*''Magnificat'' for contralto, women's chorus, and orchestra (1932)
*''Five Tudor Portraits'' for contralto, baritone, chorus, and orchestra (1935)
*Dona nobis pacem,沃特·衛特曼詞及其他(1936)
*''Festival Te Deum'' for chorus and orchestra or organ (1937)
*''Serenade to Music'' for sixteen solo voices and orchestra, a setting of Shakespeare (1938)
*''A Song for Thanksgiving'' (原作 ''Thanksgiving for Victory'') for narrator, soprano solo, children's chorus, mixed chorus, and orchestra (1944)
*''An Oxford Elegy'' for narrator, mixed chorus and small orchestra (1949)
*''Three Shakespeare Songs'' ,為SATB沒有伴奏的,用作英聯邦國家音樂競賽 (The British Federation of Music Festivals National Competitive Festival ,1951)
*''Hodie'', a Christmas oratorio (1954)
*''Folk songs of the Four Seasons'' for unaccompanied SSA chorus.
*''Epithalamion'' for baritone solo, chorus, flute, piano, and strings (1957)
*Numerous hymns, some of which were first published in the English Hymnal of 1906, of which Vaughan Williams was the musical editor, collaborating with Percy Dearmer.

=== 聲樂 ===
*"Linden Lea",歌(1901)
*''The House of Life'' (1904)
*''Songs of Travel'' (1904)
* "The Sky Above The Roof" (1908)
*''On Wenlock Edge'', song cycle for tenor, piano and string quartet (1909)
*''Along the Field'', for tenor and violin
*''Three Poems by Walt Whitman'' for baritone and piano (1920)
* ''Four Poems by Fredegond Shove:'' for baritone and piano (1922)
*''Four Hymns for Tenor, Viola and Strings'' (1914)
*''Merciless Beauty'' for tenor, two violins, and cello
*''Four Last Songs (Vaughan Williams)|Four Last Songs'' to poems of Ursula Vaughan Williams
*''Ten William Blake|Blake songs'', song cycle for high voice and oboe (1957)

=== 室內樂及樂器 ===
*c小調絃樂五重奏(小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、低音提琴及鋼琴)(1903)
*g小調第1絃樂四重奏(1908)
*a小調第2絃樂四重奏(1942-44)
*《五重奏幻想曲》''Phantasy Quintet''(2小提琴、中提琴及2大提琴)(1912)
*《六首英國民歌練習曲》''Six Studies in English Folk-Song''(大提琴及鋼琴)(1926)
*《三首以威爾斯曲調而寫成的前奏曲》''Three Preludes on Welsh Hymn Tunes''(管風琴)(1956)
*為中提琴及鋼琴的浪漫曲(日子不詳)

=== 管風琴 ===
*''Three Preludes on Welsh Hymntunes'' (Bryn Calfaria, Rhosymedre, Hyfrydol) (1920)
*''A Wedding Tune for Ann'' (1943)
*''Two Organ Preludes'' (The White Rock, St. David's Day) (1956)
*''The Old Hundredth Psalm-Tune'' (?)

=== 電影、電台、電視配樂 ===
*''49th Parallel'', 1940, his first, talked into it by Muir Mathieson to assuage his guilt at being able to do nothing for the war-effort
*''Coastal Command (film)|Coastal Command'', 1942<ref name=command>[http://www.answers.com/topic/coastal-command-film-score Answers.com]</ref>
*[[BBC]]接納了''The Pilgrim's Progress'', 1942
*''The People's Land'', 1943
*''The Story of a Flemish Farm'', 1943
*''Stricken Peninsula'', 1945
*''The Loves of Joanna Godden'', 1946
*''Scott of the Antarctic (1948 film)|Scott of the Antarctic'', 1948, partially reused for his Symphony No. 7 ''{{lang|la|Sinfonia Antartica}}'' <!-- Antartica is the correct spelling! Please do not make it "Antarctica" (with a second "c"). -->

=== 管樂團 ===
*《[[英国民歌组曲]]》"English Folk Song Suite"(1923)
*''Toccata Marziale'' for military band (1924)
*''Flourish for Wind Band'' (1939)
*''Sea Songs''
*''Overture: Henry V'' for brass band
*''Variations'' for brass band (1957)

== 参见 ==
* [[古典音乐作曲家列表]]

== 參考資料 ==
<div class="references-small">
<references />
</div>

== 外部連結 ==

*{{IMSLP|id=Vaughan Williams, Ralph|cname=沃恩-威廉斯}}
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews/profilepages/vaughanwilliamsr1.shtml 1956 audio interview with Vaughan Williams] on his editing of the English Hymnal (from the BBC)
*[http://www.rvwsociety.com/ The Ralph Vaughan Williams Society]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080509085449/http://www.agentsmith.com/rvw.php Ralph Vaughan Williams] web site by Jaron Collis
*Listen to [http://www.coronostro.com/recordings.htm free recordings of ''Lord, thou hast been our refuge'' and ''Linden Lea''] from [http://www.coronostro.com Coro Nostro], a mixed chamber choir based in Leicester, UK.
*[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0891002/ Ralph Vaughan Williams] listing at the IMDB.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080717132458/http://www.rvwsociety.com/i-frame/tonypalmer.htm Article about [[Tony Palmer (director)|Tony Palmer]]'s 2007 film, 'O thou transcendent']

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaughan Williams, Ralph}}
[[Category:皇家音乐学院教师]]
[[Category:英格蘭作曲家]]
[[Category:浪漫主义作曲家]]
[[Category:20世纪作曲家]]
[[Category:功績勳章成員]]
[[Category:雷夫·佛漢·威廉斯| ]]
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