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华山蒌
,無編輯摘要
目:木兰目
科: [[ 胡椒科]]
属: [[ 胡椒属]]
亚 属:胡椒亚属
种:华山蒌
分布区域:中国 [[ 四川 ]] 、 [[ 贵州 ]] 、 [[ 广西 ]] 、 [[ 广东]]
命名者及年代:(Champ.) C. DC.,1868
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(概述图参考来源:中国自然标本馆)
<ref>[http://www.iplant.cn/info/%BB%AA%C9%BD%DD%E4 华山蒌], 植物智, 2020-01-18</ref>
攀援藤本,长约5米或过之;幼枝被较密的软柔毛,老时脱落近无毛。
叶纸质,卵形、卵状长圆形或长圆形,长8-15厘米,宽3.5-6.5厘米,顶端钝或短尖,基部深心形,两耳圆,有时重叠,几相等,腹面无毛或有时中脉基部被疏毛 , ; 背面各处被短柔毛,脉上尤甚; 叶脉7条,通常对生,最上1对离基5-10毫米从中脉发出,最外1对自基部横出约5-15毫米长即弯拱网结,网状脉明显;叶柄长1-1.5厘米,密被毛。 花单性,雌雄异株,聚集成与叶对生的穗状花序。雄花序长2.5-4厘米,粗壮,开花时直径达5毫米;总花梗短于叶柄,被粗毛,直径近2毫米;花序轴无毛;苞片圆形,近无柄,盾状,直径约1.2毫米,无毛; 雄蕊2枚,花药2裂,花丝极短。雌花序比雄花序短,果期长不超过3厘米;花序轴和苞片与雄花序的无异;柱头通常30浆果球形,无毛,直径约2.5毫米,下部嵌生于花序轴中并与其合生。花期3-6月。 <ref>[http://www.zhiwutong.com/latin/Piperaceae/Piper-sinense-Champ-C-DC.htm 华山蒌Piper sinense (Champ.) C. DC. _植物通] 种中文名:华山蒌 种拉丁名:Piper sinense (Champ.) C. DC. 科中文名:胡椒科 科拉丁名:Piperaceae 属中文名:胡椒属 属拉丁名:Piper ... </ref> ==分类文献==Piper sinense (Champ. ) C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16: 361. 1868; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 31: 94. 1887; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 366. 1891; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 155. 1921.——Chavica sinensis Champ. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 6: 116. 1854; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 335. 1861. Chavica sinensis (Champion) Bentham, J. Bot. (Hooker) 6: 116. 1854; Piper sinense (Champion ex Bentham) C. de Candolle (1868), not P. chinense Miquel (1845). Climbers to more than 5 m, dioecious. Young stems densely softly pubescent, glabrescent. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, densely pubescent; leaf blade ovate, ovate-oblong, or oblong, 8-15 × 3.5-6.5 cm, papery, abaxially pubescent, especially along veins, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent at base, base deeply cordate, basal lobes often overlapping, ± symmetric, apex obtuse or acute; veins 7, usually opposite, apical pair arising 5-1 mm above base; reticulate veins conspicuous. Spikes leaf-opposed. Male spikes 2.5-4 cm × 4-5 mm; peduncle shorter than petioles, roughly pubescent; rachis glabrous; bracts orbicular, ca. 1.2 mm wide, peltate, glabrous, ± sessile. Stamens 2. Female spikes to 3 cm in fruit; rachis and bracts as in male spikes. Stigmas usually 3. Drupe globose, ca. 2.5 mm in diam., partly connate to rachis. Fl. Mar-Jun. * Forests, along streams, on trees; circa 400 m. S to SW Guangdong, Guangxi, SE Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan (Emei Xian) This species is much better known as Piper sinense but unfortunately that name must be treated as a later homonym of P. chinense (ICBN, Art. 53.3), so a new name has had to be given.
==华山蒌生长环境==
主要生长于密林中或溪涧边,攀援于树上。<ref>[http://www.tcm360.com/zycd/detail/zhiwutupu-44564.html 华山蒌 - 植物图谱 - 中华药典-岭南中药网] 华山蒌(药用植物) 收藏 | 0本词条由岭南中药网整理并发布提供内容,未经许可不得转载 。植物名华山蒌 拼音HuaShanLou 学名Piper sinense (Champ.) C. DC... </ref>
==华山蒌分布范围==
主要分布于中国 [[ 四川 ]] ( [[ 峨眉山 ]] )、 [[ 贵州 ]] 东南部、 [[ 广西 ]] ( [[ 苍梧 ]] )、 [[ 广东 ]] 南部至西南部( [[ 信宜 ]] 及南部沿海岛屿)。<ref>[https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural&vid=5999502630762859986 华山蒌长这样_好看视频 - 秒懂百科] 视频时长 00:45 2019年8月30日 - 原来华山蒌长这样,本视频由秒懂百科提供,0次播放,有0人点赞,0人对此视频发表评论,好看视频是由百度团队打造的集... </ref>
== 参考来源 ==