變更

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin: -10px 0px 10px 0 10px20px; text-align:left"|<center>'''埃爾金石雕'''<br><img src="httphttps://i1www.wpeasyatm.com/inews.gtimg.comtw/newsapp_matchimg/0c/353653585018c/0nBnauM3XwQTNykzNyUjMzgjNzITMzkDOxIzMwADMwAzMxAzL1IzL4MzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmL0E2LvoDc0RHa.jpg" width="600280"></center><small>[httphttps://www.ifuuneasyatm.com.tw/a2018051012904469wiki/ %E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%E9%87%91%E5%A4%A7%E7%90%86%E7%9F%B3%E9%9B%95 圖片來 自iFuun.com自easyatm]</small>

1801年第七代 ''' 埃爾金 伯爵石雕'''（Elgin Marbles；/ˈel gin/；又稱Parthenon Marbles）是[[ 湯瑪斯·布魯斯，第七代額爾金伯爵|湯瑪斯·布魯斯雅典]] 从當時統治者希臘的[[ 奧斯曼帝國帕特農神廟]]（The Patrhenon）的部分雕刻與建築殘件，是由[[ 樸特|高門古希臘]] 那裡獲得許可<ref>{{cite book |last=Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Select Committee on the Earl of Elgin's Collection of Sculptured Marbles. |date=1816 |title=Report from the Select Committee of the House of Commons on the Earl of Elgin's collection of sculptured marbles |place=London |publisher=Printed for J. Murray, by W. Bulmer and Co.}}</ref>，將這些浮 時期 雕 陸續從希臘運往英國。塑家[[ 拜倫菲狄亚斯]] 稱這種行為簡直就是搶劫<ref name=BritA>Encyclopædia Britannica, ''The Acropolis'', p.6/20, 2008, O.Ed.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author1=Linda Theodorou |author2=Dana Facaros |title=Greece (Cadogan Country Guides) |publisher=Cadogan Guides |location= |year=2003 |page= 55|isbn=1-86011-898-4 |oclc= |doi= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Dyson, Stephen L. |title=Eugenie Sellers Strong: portrait of an archaeologist |publisher=Duckworth |location=及其助手創作的一組[[London大理石雕]] |year=2004 |pages= |isbn=0-7156-3219-1 |oclc= |doi= }}</ref><ref>Mark Ellingham, Tim Salmon, Marc Dubin, Natania Jansz, John Fisher, Greece: The Rough Guide, Rough Guides, 1992,{{ISBN|1-85828-020-6}}, p.39</ref>。英國議會在一番爭辯之後<ref name="Report from the Select Committee of the House of Commons on the Earl of Elgin's Collection of Sculptured Marbles">{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NwUFAAAAYAAJ&lpg=RA1-PR1&ots=GiMElOqrbf&dq=lord%20elgin%20testified%201816%20british%20parliamentary%20committee&hl=el&pg=PA35#v=onepage&q=lord%20elgin%20testified%201816%20british%20parliamentary%20committee&f=false |title=Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Select Committee on the Earl of Elgin's Collection of Sculptured Marbles, Printed for J. Murray, by W. Bulmer and Co., 1816 |publisher=Google ebook}}</ref>，決定不追訴埃爾金的行為，而埃爾金則在1816年將這些石雕賣給了英國政府 ， 最後 原 藏於[[ 大英博物館帕特农神庙]]和[[雅典衛城]]<ref name="The Parthenon Sculptures: The position of the Trustees of the British Museum claim Elgin is now Mr Steal Your Marbles." >{{Cite news|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/news_and_press/statements/parthenon_sculptures/trustees_statement.aspx |title=The Parthenon Sculptures: The position of the Trustees of the British Museum |publisher=British Museum}}</ref> 的其他建築中 。

1832 1801 年第七代埃爾金伯爵[[ 希臘獨立湯瑪斯·布魯斯，第七代額爾金伯爵|湯瑪斯·布魯斯]] 之後， 从當時統治者 希臘 政府開始追索這些失去 的 石雕[[奧斯曼帝國]][[樸特|高門]]那裡獲得許可<ref name="Ministry of Culture: The Background of the Removal">{{Cite newscite book |urllast=http://odysseusGreat Britain. Parliament.cultureHouse of Commons.gr/a/1/12/ga125Select Committee on the Earl of Elgin's Collection of Sculptured Marbles.html |date=1816 |title=The Background Report from the Select Committee of the Removal House of Commons on the Earl of Elgin's collection of sculptured marbles |place=London |publisher=Greek Ministry of Culture}}</ref><ref name="UNESCO: AcropolisPrinted for J. Murray, Athens">{{Cite news|url=http://whcby W.unescoBulmer and Co.org/en/list/404 |title=Acropolis, Athens |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> ，將這些浮雕陸續從希臘運往英國。[[拜倫]]稱這種行為簡直就是搶劫。英國議會在一番爭辯之後，決定不追訴埃爾金的行為，而埃爾金則在1816年將這些石雕賣給了英國政府，最後藏於[[大英博物館]]。 1832年[[希臘獨立]]之後，希臘政府開始追索這些失去的石雕 ，多次要求英國政府物歸原主。2014年[[聯合國教科文組織]]從中協調，但最終大英博物館方面仍然拒絕歸還埃爾金石雕。<ref name="UNESCO Letter to British Government for the return of Parthenon's Marbles">{{Cite news |url=http://www.iemc-unesco.org/unesco-letter-to-british-government-for-the-return-of-parthenons-marbles/ |title=UNESCO Letter to British Government for the return of Parthenon's Marbles |publisher=UNESCO |access-date=2018-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019111639/http://www.iemc-unesco.org/unesco-letter-to-british-government-for-the-return-of-parthenons-marbles/ |archive-date=2014-10-19 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="UK has not written back to UNESCO Letter ">{{Cite news|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/19_ICPRCP_Recommendations_en_final.pdf |title=UK has not written back to UNESCO Letter |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Elgin Marbles: UK declines mediation over Parthenon sculptures|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-32204548|website=BBC News|accessdate=2015-04-19}}</ref>

1798年11月，埃尔金侯爵获封英王遣土耳其苏丹大使（Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of His Britannic Majesty to the Sublime Porte of Selim III, Sultan of Turkey），临走前他询问英国政府是否有意雇佣一些艺术家临摹帕特农神庙的雕塑，但收到了令人沮丧的回复。<ref name="Casey">{{Cite web|last=Casey |first=Christopher |date=30 October 2008 |title="Grecian Grandeurs and the Rude Wasting of Old Time": Britain, the Elgin Marbles, and Post-Revolutionary Hellenism |work=Foundations. Volume III, Number 1 |url=http://ww2.jhu.edu/foundations/?p=8 |accessdate=2009-06-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513053304/http://ww2.jhu.edu/foundations/?p=8 |archivedate=13 May 2009 |df= }}</ref>

于是他自己出资雇佣了[[乔凡尼·巴蒂斯塔·鲁西埃里]]在内的一批艺术家<ref name="Casey" /> 。虽然一开始他只是想临摹一些神庙里的雕塑作品，但随即发现神庙的保护状况相当糟糕，很多大理石雕被当地人拿走烧成了石灰以建造其他建筑<ref name="Casey" /> 。于是1801年埃尔金决定将帕特农神庙的雕塑搬回英国。<ref name="guardian faq">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2004/jul/21/highereducation.parthenon |title=Elgin Marbles: fact or fiction? |publisher=The Guardian |date= 2004-07-21|accessdate=2009-06-25 | location=London | first=Dorothy | last=King}}</ref>

1812年整个搬迁项目完工，总共花去了他7万英镑<ref>''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online{{Cite news|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/184554/Elgin-Marbles |title=Elgin Marbles |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |date= |accessdate=2011-04-18}}</ref>。他本想用它们来装饰自己在[[邓弗姆林]]的家，但由于和妻子离婚引发个人经济危机，所以不得不把这些石雕卖掉还债<ref>As reported by John E. Simmons in: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170109104920/https://books.google.com/books?id=wCFsDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT167&lpg=PT167&dq= Museums: A History], chapter 7, Rowman & Littlefield, 07.07.2016 - 326 pages</ref>。他以不足7万镑的价格将其卖给大英博物馆，拒绝了出价更高的[[拿破仑]]等人。<ref name="guardian faq"/>