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西山堇菜
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中文名:西山堇菜
拉丁学名:Viola hancockii W. Reck.
二名法:Viola hancockii
亚 目:山茶亚目
科: [[ 堇菜科]]
属: [[ 堇菜属]]
亚 属:堇菜亚属
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'''西山堇菜'''(xī shān jǐn cài)，学名：Viola hancockii W. Reck.，异名：Viola hancockii var. subbarbata Viola hancockii var. fangshanensis，为[[堇菜科]][[堇菜属]]的植物，为中国的特有植物。产[[河北]]、[[山东]]（[[泰山]]）。生于阴坡阔叶林林下、林缘、山村附近水沟边。
<ref>[http://www.iplant.cn/info/%CE%F7%C9%BD%DD%C0%B2%CB 西山堇菜], 植物智, 2020-01-18</ref>
==西山堇菜形态特征==
西山堇菜(19张) 是 多年生草本，无地上茎，高10-15厘米。根状茎粗壮，长1.5-2厘米，粗4-6毫米，节密生。根粗而长，深褐色，常有分枝，长者可达13厘米，生多数分枝的须根。 叶多数，基生；叶片卵状心形，长2-6厘米，宽2-4厘米，先端急尖有时钝，基部深心形，弯缺狭或稍开展，边缘具整齐钝锯齿，上面散生短柔毛，下面基部疏生短柔毛或近无毛，叶脉明显隆起；
西山堇菜 花近白色，大形，长达2厘米；花梗通常不高出于叶，或有时稍高于叶，中部有2枚小苞片，小苞片互生，线形，长8-10毫米，先端渐尖，边缘疏生细齿； 萼片披针形或宽披针形，长7-8毫米，宽约3毫米，先端尖，基部附属物短，长约1.5毫米，末端平截，疏生钝齿；花瓣长圆状倒卵形，上方花瓣长约1.2厘米，宽约0.8厘米； 侧方花瓣长约1.2厘米，宽约1厘米，里面近基部有须毛，下方花瓣连距长1.8-2厘米，距筒状，长6-8毫米，末端圆，通常向上方弯曲；下方雄蕊的距细，角状，长4-5毫米； 子房近球形，无毛，花柱基部微膝曲，柱头顶部平坦，周围有稍厚的缘边，前方具短喙，喙端的柱头孔细。 果实长圆状，长0.7-1厘米，无毛。 花期4-5月。==西山堇菜生长环境==生长于阴坡阔叶林林下、林缘、山村附近水沟边。 ==西山堇菜分布范围==产自于我国河北、山东（泰山）。Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 10-15 cm tall. Rhizome 1.5-2 cm, robust, 4-6 mm in diam., densely noded. Roots deep brown, long, robust, often branched, longest to 13 cm, with numerous rootlets.
Leaves numerous, basal; outer stipules white, 1-1.3 cm × ca. 4 mm, membranous, inner ones ca. 3/4 adnate to petiole, free part broadly lanceolate or lanceolate, margin remotely shortly dentate; petiole slender, wingless, equaling or slightly exceeding blades, sparsely puberulous or glabrous; leaf blade abaxially pink to pinkish green, adaxially green or conspicuously white punctate-striate along veins, ovate-cordate, 2-6 × 2-4 cm, abaxially sparsely puberulous at base or subglabrous, veins conspicuously raised, adaxially sparsely puberulous, base deeply cordate, sinus narrow or slightly spreading, margin regularly obtusely serrate, apex acute, sometimes obtuse.
Flowers whitish, large, to 2 cm; pedicels usually not or sometimes slightly exceeding leaves, 2-bracteolate at middle; bracteoles alternate, linear, 8-10 mm, margin remotely denticulate, apex acuminate. Sepals lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 7-8 × ca. 3 mm, apex acute, basal auricles short, ca. 1.5 mm, remotely obtusely dentate, apex truncate.
Petals oblong-obovate, upper ones ca. 1.2 × 0.8 cm, lateral ones bearded, ca. 1.2 × 1 cm, anterior one 1.8-2 cm (spur included); spur cylindric, 6-8 mm, apex rounded, usually curved upward; spur of anterior stamens angular, 4-5 mm, slender. Ovary subglobose, glabrous; styles slightly geniculate at base; stigmas flat at apex, with slightly thick margin, shortly beaked in front, with a small stigma hole at tip. Capsule oblong, 0.7-1 cm, glabrous. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 24*.
==分类文献==
Viola hancockii W. Beck. in Kew dull. Misc. Inform. 6: 249. 1928; 汪劲武等, 植物研究8 (2): 131. 1988.
==西山堇菜生长环境==
生长于阴坡阔叶林林下、林缘、山村附近水沟边。
==西山堇菜分布范围==
产自于我国河北、山东（泰山）。
== 参考来源 ==