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第一次十字军东征

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{| class="wikitable" align="right"
{{Infobox military conflict|conflict=第一次十字军东征-|partof=[[十字军东征]]|imagestyle=https"background://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/54fbb2fb43166d22ea53b303462309f79052d205?x-bce-process#66CCFF" align=image/resize,m_lfit,w_268,limit_1/format,f_jpgcenter|caption=夺取[[耶路撒冷]]标志着首  '''<big>第一 次十字军东征 的胜利 |date=1096年-1099年|place=[[近东]]([[安那托利亚]]、[[累范特]]、[[巴勒斯坦]])|casus=[[拜占庭帝国]]因[[土耳其人]]侵袭向西方世界求援<br/big>[[基督徒]]渴望夺回[[圣地]] '''|territory=[[耶路撒冷王国]]等一系列[[十字军国家]]建立|result=十字军取得决定性胜利|combatant1 = ; [[基督教世界]]{{flagicon image|Holy Roman Empire Arms-single head.svg}} [[神圣罗马帝国]]* {{flagicon image|Armoiries Gênes.svg}} [[热那亚共和国]]* {{flagicon image|Blason Lorraine.svg}} [[下洛林]]* {{flagicon image|Armoiries Languedoc.png}} [[图卢兹伯国]]* {{flagicon image|Armoiries Languedoc.png}} [[普罗旺斯|普罗旺斯侯爵领地]]{{flagicon image|France Ancient.svg}} [[中世纪的法国|法兰西王国]]* {{flagicon image|Blason Blois Ancien.svg}} [[布卢瓦伯国]]* {{flagicon image|Blason Courtenay.svg}} [[布洛涅伯国]]* {{flagicon image|Blason Nord-Pas-De-Calais.svg}} [[法兰德斯伯国]]* {{flagicon image|Blason ville fr PuyVelay (HauteLoire).png}} [[勒皮主教区]]* {{flagicon image|Armoiries Vermandois.svg}} [[维曼杜瓦]]{{flagicon image|Royal Arms of England (1154-1189).svg}} [[英格兰王国]]* {{flagicon image|Blason duche fr Normandie.svg}} [[诺曼底公国]]{{flagicon image|Coat of Arms of the House of Hauteville (according to Agostino Inveges).svg}} [[普利亚大公国]]* {{flagicon image|Coat of Arms of the House of Hauteville (according to Agostino Inveges).svg}} [[塔兰托]]{{flagicon image|Komnenos-Isaac-Arms.svg}} [[拜占庭帝国]]<br/center>{{flagicon image|Armoiries Héthoumides.svg}} [[奇里乞亚亚美尼亚王国]]|combatant2 <img src= ; [[穆斯林世界]][[塞尔柱帝国]]<brhttp://>{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihadimage109.360doc.svg}} [[达尼什曼德王朝]]<brcom/DownloadImg/2019/>{{flagicon image|Rectangular green flag.svg}} [[法蒂玛王朝]]<br01/>{{flagicon image|Flag of Almohad Dynasty.svg}} [[穆拉比特王朝]]<br0721/151474573_2_20190107094326709 width="250">{{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan pre-1901.svg}} [[阿拔斯王朝]]|combatant3=|commander1={{flagicon image|Blason Lorraine.svg}} [[布永的戈弗雷]]<br/center>{{flagicon image|Armoiries Languedoc.png}} [[图卢兹伯爵雷蒙德四世]]<br/small>{{flagicon image|Blason Blois Ancien.svg}} [[斯蒂芬二世 (布卢瓦伯爵)|布卢瓦伯爵斯蒂芬二世]]<brhttp:/>{{flagicon image|Blason Courtenay.svg}} [[鲍德温一世 (耶路撒冷)|布洛涅的鲍德温]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Blason Courtenaywww.svg}} [[布洛涅伯爵尤斯塔斯三世]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Blason Nord-Pas-De-Calais360doc.svg}} [[法兰德斯伯爵罗伯特二世]]<brcom/>{{flagicon image|Blason ville fr PuyVelay (HauteLoire).png}} [[勒皮主教阿希马尔]]<brcontent/>{{flagicon image|Armoiries Vermandois.svg}} [[韦尔芒杜瓦伯爵于格一世]]<br19/>{{flagicon image|Blason duche fr Normandie.svg}} [[罗贝尔二世 (诺曼底)|诺曼底公爵罗贝尔二世]]<br0107/>{{flagicon image|Coat of Arms of the House of Hauteville (according to Agostino Inveges).svg}} [[博希蒙德一世|塔兰托伯爵博希蒙德一世]]<br21/>{{flagicon image|Coat of Arms of the House of Hauteville (according to Agostino Inveges)37583807_807320157.svg}} [[塔兰托 shtml 来自 孔夫子旧书网 坦克雷德]图片]<br/small>{{flagicon image|Komnenos-Isaac-Arms.svg}} [[阿历克塞一世|拜占庭皇帝阿历克塞一世]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Komnenos-Isaac-Arms.svg}} [[塔第吉欧斯]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Komnenos-Isaac-Arms.svg}} [[曼努埃尔·伯托米特斯]]<br/>[[古列尔莫·安布里科]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Armoiries Héthoumides.svg}} [[亚美尼亚公爵君士坦丁一世]]|commander2style="background: #66CCFF" align=[[基利杰阿尔斯兰一世]]<br/>[[亚吉-锡安]]<br/>[[卡布卡]]<br/>[[杜卡克 (大马士革统治者)center| 杜卡克]]<br/>[[法赫尔·穆尔克·拉德温]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[加齐·达尼什曼德]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Rectangular green flag.svg}} [[伊夫蒂哈尔·亚德- 道拉]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Rectangular green flag.svg}} [[阿法达沙阿]]|commander3align=light||strength1= 十字军中文名:<br/>圣训学  约35,000人* 30,000 外文 步兵‘Ilm al—Hadith* 5,000名骑兵 拜占庭:<br/>圣训学是[[伊斯兰教]]  约2,000人<ref>{{harvnb|Nicolle|2003|pp=21 and 32}}.</ref>的基本学科之一|strength2=未知|strength3=律   例:《[[古兰经]]》|casualties1=高|casualties2=高第四任:哈里发阿里|casualties3=|notes=}}
'''第一次十字军东征'''(1096年-1099年)是由[[西方世界|西方]][[基督教世界]]所发起的一项军事行动,旨在收复[[穆斯林的征服]]中被占领的[[黎凡特]][[圣地]],最终以1099年[[耶路撒冷围城战 (1099年)|十字军攻陷耶路撒冷]]收尾。1095年,[[教宗乌尔巴诺二世]]最初为了应[[东罗马帝国]][[拜占庭皇帝列表|皇帝]][[阿历克塞一世|阿历克塞一世]]的求援,而号召西方志愿军前往[[拜占庭帝国]]抵御[[塞尔柱人]]从[[安那托利亚|安纳托利亚]]而来的入侵,此入侵可能是[[达尼什曼德王朝]],一个源自[[亚美尼亚]]的[[突厥化]]美尼亚裔伊斯兰国家,而[[土耳其人]]的民族主要来源可能就是自该国。后来,东征的目的逐渐演变为夺回圣地及[[耶路撒冷|耶路撒冷城]],并将[[东方基督教]]从[[伊斯兰教|伊斯兰]]的统治中解放出来。
; 主要网络资料
* Anselme of Ribemont, [https://web.archive.org/web/20041213174036/http://history.hanover.edu/texts/1stCrusade1.htm Anselme of Ribemont, Letter to Manasses II, Archbishop of Reims] (1098)
* Stephen, Count of Blois and Chartres, [http://history.hanover.edu/texts/1stcrusade2.html Letter to his wife, Adele] {{Wayback|url= http://history.hanover.edu/texts/1stcrusade2.html |date=20041208230436 }} (1098)* Daimbert, Godfrey and Raymond, [http://history.hanover.edu/texts/1stcru3.html Letter to the Pope] {{Wayback|url=http://history.hanover.edu/texts/1stcru3.html |date=20041213174258 }} , (1099)* Peter the Hermit and the Popular Crusade: [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/peterhermit.html Collected Accounts] {{Wayback|url= http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/peterhermit.html |date=20110430130514 }}.* The Crusaders Journey to Constantinople: [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/cde-tocp.html Collected Accounts] {{Wayback|url= http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/cde-tocp.html |date=20121002120854 }}.* The Crusaders at Constantinople: [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/cde-atcp.html Collected Accounts] {{Wayback|url= http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/cde-atcp.html |date=20120929191656 }}.* The Siege and Capture of Nicea: [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/cde-nicea.html Collected Accounts] {{Wayback|url= http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/cde-nicea.html |date=20121004131553 }}.* The Siege and Capture of Antioch: [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/cde-antioch.html Collected Accounts] {{Wayback|url= http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/cde-antioch.html |date=20120728072709 }}.* The Siege and Capture of Jerusalem: [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/cde-jlem.html Collected Accounts] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/cde-jlem.html |date=20120805121807 }}.* Fulcher of Chartres: [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/fulk2.html The Capture of Jerusalem] {{Wayback|url= http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/fulk2.html |date=20120726134734 }}, 1099.* Ekkehard of Aura: [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/ekkehard-aur1.html On the Opening of the First Crusade] {{Wayback|url= http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/ekkehard-aur1.html |date=20120726132802 }}.* Albert of Aix and Ekkehard of Aura: [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1096jews.html Emico and the Slaughter of the Rhineland Jews] {{Wayback|url= http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1096jews.html |date=20120805121449 }}.* Soloman bar Samson: [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1096jews-mainz.html The Crusaders in Mainz] {{Wayback|url= http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1096jews-mainz.html |date=20120818075012 }}, attacks on Rhineland Jewry.* Ali ibn Tahir al-Sulami (d. 1106): [http://www.arts.cornell.edu/prh3/447/texts/Sulami.html Kitab al-Jihad] {{Wayback|url= http://www.arts.cornell.edu/prh3/447/texts/Sulami.html |date=20120717021151 }} (extracts). First known Islamic discussion of the concept of ''jihad'' written in the aftermath of the First Crusade.
; 其他参考文献
* {{Cite book |last=Vryonis |first=Speros |title=Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization in the Eleventh through Fifteenth Centuries |publisher=University of California Press |year=1971 |isbn=0-520-01597-5 |ref=harv}}
{{refend}}
 
== 外部链接 ==
* {{Commons category-inline|First Crusade}}
 
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{{Crusade}}
{{Good article}}
[[Category:200 宗教总论]]
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