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惠斯勒滑行中心

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创建页面,内容为“'''威士拿滑行中心'''(英語:The Whistler Sliding Centre;法語:Centre des sports de glisse de Whistler)是一座位於加拿大卑詩…”
'''威士拿滑行中心'''([[英語]]:The Whistler Sliding Centre;[[法語]]:Centre des sports de glisse de Whistler)是一座位於[[加拿大]][[卑詩省]][[威士拿]]的[[有舵雪橇]]、[[俯式冰橇]]和[[無舵雪橇]]場館,並於[[2010年冬季奧運會]]期間舉辦相關項目的賽事。場館設計工作於2004年末展開,工程則於2005年6月至2007年12月期間進行。場館於2007年12月19日啓用,於2008年3月獲[[國際有舵雪橇和俯式冰橇聯合會|國際雪車聯合會]](FIBT)和[[國際無舵雪橇聯合會]](FIL)認可,並於2009年2月舉辦該三項運動的世界盃賽事。

2010年2月12日,[[格魯吉亞]]無舵雪橇手[[諾達爾·庫瑪麗塔什維利]]在場館訓練期間意外摔傷,送醫後不治。意外促使是屆冬奧會的[[2010年冬季奧林匹克運動會無舵雪橇比賽|無舵雪橇比賽]]男子單人賽事改用女子單人和男子雙人賽事的出發點,而後兩者則改用青年組的出發點。

==歷史==
2003年在[[布拉格]]舉行的第115次[[國際奧委會]]會議中,溫哥華擊敗[[南韓]][[平昌]]和[[奧地利]][[薩爾茨堡]],取得2010年冬季奧運會的主辦權。<ref>{{Cite web|title = Past Olympic city post election results.|publisher = Gamesbids.com|date = 2010-06-20|url = http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/past.html|accessdate = 2010-06-20|archive-date = 2011-03-17|archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/5xFvf0ufx?url=http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/past.html|dead-url = no}}</ref>2004年11月15日,曾設計[[2002年冬季奧運會]]有舵雪橇、俯式冰橇和無舵雪橇場館的{{link-en|Stantec|Stantec}}獲選為威士拿滑行中心的設計公司,並由德國公司IBG提供顧問服務。<ref name=award>{{Cite web|title = VANOC selects designer for Whistler Sliding Centre.|publisher = Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (VANOC)|date = 2004-11-15|url = http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-news/n/news/vanoc-selects-designer-for-whistler-sliding-centre_35924mq.html|accessdate = 2008-02-11|archive-date = 2010-01-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100116014951/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-news/n/news/vanoc-selects-designer-for-whistler-sliding-centre_35924mq.html|dead-url = no}}</ref><ref name=gurgel>{{Cite web|title = Leistungsspektrum Planungphase|publisher = IBG-Gurgel|url = http://ibg-gurgel.gmxhome.de/tipps.html|accessdate = 2010-04-01|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://archive.is/20110719033832/http://ibg-gurgel.gmxhome.de/tipps.html|archivedate = 2011年7月19日}} {{de icon}}</ref>

場館通過環境評估後於2005年6月1日動工。<ref>{{Cite web|title = Whistler Sliding Centre Environmental Screening Process.|publisher = VANOC|date = 2005-06-08|url = http://www.vancouver2010.com/dl/00/03/62/05-06-08-wsc-ceaa-backgrounder-en_28d-IT.pdf|accessdate = 2008-02-11|archive-date = 2010-01-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100116014952/http://www.vancouver2010.com/dl/00/03/62/05-06-08-wsc-ceaa-backgrounder-en_28d-IT.pdf|dead-url = no}}</ref><ref name=siteprep>{{Cite web|title = Preliminary site preparation begins on schedule at the Whistler Sliding Centre|publisher = VANOC|date = 2005-06-07|url = http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-news/n/news/preliminary-site-preparation-begins-on-schedule-at-the-whistler-sliding-centre-following-environmental-screening-approval_36200HU.html|accessdate = 2008-02-11|archive-date = 2010-01-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100116014935/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-news/n/news/preliminary-site-preparation-begins-on-schedule-at-the-whistler-sliding-centre-following-environmental-screening-approval_36200HU.html|dead-url = no}}</ref>工程高峰期間有超過500名工人在滑行中心和[[威士拿奧林匹克公園]]工地作業,<ref name=construct>{{Cite web|title = Construction Update: Whistler venues taking shape.|publisher = VANOC|date = 2006-07-25|url = http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-news/n/news/feature-stories/construction-update--whistler-venues-taking-shape_38184ai.html|accessdate = 2008-02-11|archive-date = 2010-04-08|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100408231130/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-news/n/news/feature-stories/construction-update--whistler-venues-taking-shape_38184ai.html|dead-url = no}}</ref>當中一個為數60人的團隊從2005年6月至2007年12月期間建造滑行中心的賽道。<ref name=worker>{{Cite web|title = Pride in a job well done.|publisher = VANOC|date = 2007-12-14|url = http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-news/n/news/feature-stories/pride-in-a-job-well-done_39392qT.html|accessdate = 2008-02-11|archive-date = 2010-01-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100116015012/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-news/n/news/feature-stories/pride-in-a-job-well-done_39392qT.html|dead-url = no}}</ref>賽道基本工程於2007年11月完成。<ref>{{Cite web|title = More than two years before Games begin, construction completed at all Whistler-based Vancouver 2010 competition venues.|publisher = VANOC|date = 2007-12-13|url = http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-news/n/news/more-than-two-years-before-games-begin--construction-completed-at-all-whistler-based-vancouver-2010-competition-venues_37750ty.html|accessdate = 2008-02-11|archive-date = 2010-01-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100116015002/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-news/n/news/more-than-two-years-before-games-begin--construction-completed-at-all-whistler-based-vancouver-2010-competition-venues_37750ty.html|dead-url = no}}</ref>

場館於2008年7月3日至8月31日期間開放給公眾參觀,<ref name=open2>{{Cite web|title = The Whistler Sliding Centre and Whistler Olympic Park open to public tours.|publisher = VANOC|date = 2008-06-05|url = http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-news/n/news/the-whistler-sliding-centre-and-whistler-olympic-park-to-open-for-public-tours_36966sO.html|accessdate = 2008-06-06|archive-date = 2010-01-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100116015010/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-news/n/news/the-whistler-sliding-centre-and-whistler-olympic-park-to-open-for-public-tours_36966sO.html|dead-url = no}}</ref><ref name=open>{{Cite web|title = VANOC Board of Directors receives business plan update, endorses updated plans to engage public in the 2010 Winter Games.|publisher = VANOC|date = 2008-05-21|url = http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-news/n/news/vanoc-board-of-directors-receives-business-plan-update--endorses-updated-plans-to-engage-public-in-the-2010-winter-games_57908xD.html|accessdate = 2008-05-22|archive-date = 2010-01-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100116015007/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-news/n/news/vanoc-board-of-directors-receives-business-plan-update--endorses-updated-plans-to-engage-public-in-the-2010-winter-games_57908xD.html|dead-url = no}}</ref>而有舵雪橇、俯式冰橇和無舵雪橇的世界盃賽事則於2009年2月舉行。<ref name=fil022309 /><ref name=fibt011709>{{Cite web|title = Team Event in St. Moritz Cancelled.|publisher = FIBT|date = 2009-01-17|url = http://www.fibt.com/index.php?id=88&tx_ttnews%5Bpointer%5D=13&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=485&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=171&cHash=76ff6c35aa|accessdate = 2009-01-18}}{{Dead link|date=2019年10月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>場館曾參與角逐{{link-en|2012年FIL世界無舵雪橇大賽|FIL World Luge Championships 2012}}的主辦權,卻於2008年6月28日退出角逐。<ref>{{Cite web|title = 56th FIL Congress in Calgary.|publisher = FIL|date = 2008-04-29|url = http://www.fil-luge.org/News-Detail.155.0.html?&tx_ttnews%5BpS%5D=1207000800&tx_ttnews%5BpL%5D=2591999&tx_ttnews%5Barc%5D=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3087&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=157&cHash=d8838b66e6|accessdate = 2008-05-01}}</ref><ref>
{{Cite web|title = 56th FIL Congress in Calgary.|publisher = FIL|date = 2008-06-28|url = http://www.fil-luge.org/News-Detail.155.0.html?&tx_ttnews%5BpS%5D=1212271200&tx_ttnews%5BpL%5D=2591999&tx_ttnews%5Barc%5D=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3211&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=157&cHash=211cbc0141|accessdate = 2008-06-29}}</ref>另一方面,FIL委員會卻於2009年4月推薦威士拿滑行中心為{{link-en|2013年FIL世界無舵雪橇大賽|FIL World Luge Championships 2013}}的主辦場館,<ref name=fil040809>{{Cite web|title = Recommendations for 2013 World Championships in Whistler.|publisher = FIL|date = 2009-04-08|url = http://www.fil-luge.org/News-Detail.155.0.html?&tx_ttnews%5BpS%5D=1238536800&tx_ttnews%5BpL%5D=2591999&tx_ttnews%5Barc%5D=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=10479&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=157&cHash=bfb1f98fe1|accessdate = 2009-04-11}}</ref>而此建議亦於同年6月舉行的FIL大會獲接納。<ref name=fil062009>{{Cite web|title = FIL Congress in Liberec.|publisher = FIL|date = 2009-06-20|url = http://www.fil-luge.org/News-Detail.155.0.html?&tx_ttnews%5BpS%5D=1243807200&tx_ttnews%5BpL%5D=2591999&tx_ttnews%5Barc%5D=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=10655&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=157&cHash=853d27fd14|accessdate = 2009-06-25}}</ref>

包括威士拿滑行中心在内的威士拿奧運場地於冬奧過後交由威士拿2010體育遺產管理。<ref>{{Cite web|title = Whistler Legacy Society gets new identity.|publisher = Resort Municipality of Whistler|date = 2009-02-09|url = http://www.whistler.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=691&Itemid=1|accessdate = 2010-04-05}}</ref>

==場館設計及工程==
[[File:Whistler Sliding Centre-track map english.svg|thumb|left|alt=Map of a competition venue|威士拿滑行中心賽道圖]]

場館工程預算原為5500萬加元,但工程費用最終達1億500萬元。<ref name=fil022309>{{Cite web|title = 153,98 km/h – new speed record at the "Whistler Sliding Center".|publisher = FIL|date = 2009-02-23|url = http://www.fil-luge.org/News-Detail.155.0.html?&tx_ttnews%5BpS%5D=1233442800&tx_ttnews%5BpL%5D=2419199&tx_ttnews%5Barc%5D=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=10387&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=157&cHash=602572b57f|accessdate = 2009-02-23}}</ref>賽道由鋼筋混凝土建成,重量達350[[公頓]],<ref name=siteprep /><ref name=worker /><ref name=open2 />而賽道下的冷凍管道則全長100公里以上。<ref name=construct /><ref name=open2 />冰塊厚度為2-5釐米,並由人手操控。<ref name=open2 />賽道設有36個攝影機和42個計時器。<ref name=open2 />場館並包括控制塔和行政中心。<ref name=construct />

為了推廣可持續發展,場館設於既有滑雪區之側,以減低對鄰近生態環境的影響。賽道鬆上白色以便保持低溫和減低對冷凍系統的負荷,而冷凍系統的[[廢棄熱]]則用作場館其他建築物的暖氣。工地平整產生的木廢料則製成[[堆肥]]。<ref name=story>{{Cite web|title = Sustainability and legacy information on the site selection area for the Whistler Sliding Centre.|publisher = VANOC|url = http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-spectator-guide/venues/the-whistler-sliding-centre/sustainability---legacy/|accessdate = 2009-12-10|archive-date = 2009-12-23|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091223175208/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-spectator-guide/venues/the-whistler-sliding-centre/sustainability---legacy/|dead-url = no}}</ref>

溫哥華奧組委於2006年為場館的冷凍房申請[[領先能源與環境設計]](LEED)的銀色認證;冷凍房於2010年2月2日獲發金色認證。<ref>{{Cite web|title = The Whistler Sliding Centre Refrigeration Building.|publisher = Canada Green Building Council|url = http://www.cagbc.org/leed/leed_projects/registered_projects/building_registrations10381.php?project_city=Whistler&project_province=BC|accessdate = 2010-03-28}}</ref>另外,場館亦於2008年獲卑詩已拌混凝土協會頒發兩項優秀混凝土建築獎項。<ref>{{Cite web|title = 2008 BC Awards for Excellence in Concrete Construction, including the Whistler Sliding Centre.|publisher = British Columbia Ready-Mixed Concrete Association|url = http://www.bcrmca.bc.ca/media/2008%20winners.pdf|accessdate = 2009-12-10|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110706165056/http://www.bcrmca.bc.ca/media/2008%20winners.pdf|archivedate = 2011年7月6日}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ 場館數據<ref name=venue>{{Cite web|title = Facts and Figures|publisher = Whistler Sliding Centre|url = http://whistlerslidingcentre.com/venue/facts/tabid/105/language/en-CA/default.aspx|accessdate = 2008-07-03|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20111004123201/http://whistlerslidingcentre.com/venue/facts/tabid/105/language/en-CA/default.aspx|archivedate = 2011年10月4日}}</ref>
! 項目
! 賽道全長
! 彎位數
! 起點至終點高度差別
! 坡度(%)
|-
|有舵雪橇 / 俯式冰橇
|{{convert|1450|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|16
|{{convert|152|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|10.5
|-
|無舵雪橇 - 男子單人
|{{convert|1374|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|16
|不詳
|不詳
|-
|無舵雪橇 - 雙人項目 / 女子單人
|{{convert|1193|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|14
|不詳
|不詳
|-
|青年組(有舵雪橇 / 俯式冰橇 / 無舵雪橇)
|{{convert|953|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|11
|不詳
|不詳
|}

==參考資料==
{{reflist|2}}
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