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本名娜塔-李·赫許勒（希伯來語:'''נטלי הרשלג'''）<ref name="foxnews-Hershlag">{{cite news | publisher=FOX News | title=Portman Bold ... and Bald ... in 'V for Vendetta' | author=Michael Kane | url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,188164,00.html | accessdate=2007-10-18 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/656d6LD0q?url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,188164,00.html | archive-date=2012-01-31 | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="cbsnews-Hershlag">{{cite news | publisher=CBS News | title=A 'Garden State' Of Mind | url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/07/30/earlyshow/leisure/celebspot/main633153.shtml | accessdate=2007-10-18 | archive-date=2014-10-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006191706/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/a-garden-state-of-mind | dead-url=no }}</ref>。她的父親阿夫納·赫許勒是以色列醫師，有[[猶太]]血統<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2011/jan/02/observer-profile-natalie-portman|title=Natalie Portman: The prodigy comes of age|accessdate=June 10, 2018|date=January 2, 2011|last=Collins|first=Andrew|work=The Guardian}}</ref>，主修[[生育]]與[[生殖內分泌科]]<ref name="star wars">{{cite web|title=Starwars.com |work=Natalie Portman |url=http://www.starwars.com/bio/natalieportman.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201082117/http://starwars.com/bio/natalieportman.html |archivedate=2008-02-01 |accessdate=2006-05-08 |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="igns">{{cite web | title=IGN Films | work=Comic-Con 2005: IGN Interviews Natalie Portman | url=http://movies.ign.com/articles/634/634300p1.html | accessdate=2006-06-22 | archive-date=2012-01-31 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/656Y8dKzg?url=http://movies.ign.com/articles/634/634300p1.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>。她的母親雪莉·史蒂文斯則是美國籍[[家庭主婦]]，有猶太血統<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/2007/07/19/arts-entertainment/why-jewish-guys-dig-natalie-portman|title=Why Jewish guys dig Natalie Portman|accessdate=June 10, 2018|date=July 19, 2007|last=Gross|first=Max|work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency|quote=Natalie Portman, who played Queen Amidala of the planet Naboo, was born in Jerusalem to an Israeli father and American Jewish mother.|archive-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142715/https://www.jta.org/2007/07/19/arts-entertainment/why-jewish-guys-dig-natalie-portman|dead-url=no}}</ref>，現擔任波曼的[[經紀人]]<ref name="star wars"/>。波曼的母方是來自[[奧地利]]與[[俄國]]的[[猶太人]]，父方則是自[[波蘭]]與[[羅馬尼亞]]移居到以色列的猶太人<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/natalie-portman-names-son-alef-6419397.html|title=Natalie Portman names son Alef|date=July 7, 2011|work=Evening Standard|accessdate=June 10, 2018|archive-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163307/https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/natalie-portman-names-son-alef-6419397.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。她父系曾祖父母死於[[奧斯威辛集中營]]，其中曾祖母出生於[[羅馬尼亞]]，在[[二次大戰]]期間為英國擔任間諜<ref name="rollingstone">{{cite news | publisher=Rolling Stone | title=The Private Life of Natalie Portman | url=http://natalieportman.com/articles/nparticles_en.php?viewarticle=1&article_number=199 | accessdate=2006-05-11 | author=Chris Heath | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060520134535/http://www.natalieportman.com/articles/nparticles_en.php?viewarticle=1&article_number=199 | archivedate=2006-05-20 }}</ref>。
波曼的雙親在[[俄亥俄州立大學]]的[[猶太]]學生活動中心相遇，她的母親在那裡賣車票。她的父親後來返回[[以色列]]，但二人仍維持書信往來，並於數年後她母親作客以色列時結婚。1984年，當時三歲的波曼和家人一起搬到美國，她的父親在當地接受醫療訓練。他們一家人住在[[華盛頓哥倫比亞特區]]，波曼則就讀於查爾斯·史密斯猶太日校，但隨後於1988年遷居至[[康涅狄格州]]，並在1990年後長年定居[[紐約]][[長島 (紐約)|長島]]。波曼曾表示，儘管她「很愛這片土地，但我的心屬於耶路撒冷。那裡才是我的家。」<ref name="rollingstone" />她是家中的獨生女，與父母十分親近<ref name="actors"/> 。她的父母很少缺席波曼任何一部電影的首映會。
===教育===