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安麗

增加 8,455 位元組, 5 年前
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{{Infobox company
| name = 安利
| logo = Amway (logo).svg
| image = Ada Michigan Amway HQ DSCN9720.JPG
| image_size = 240px
| image_caption = 安利在{{tsl|en|Ada Township, Michigan|艾达镇}}的总部
| type = [[私人公司|私有]]
 
| founder = {{plainlist|
* [[理查·狄维士]]
* [[杰·温安洛]]
}}
| area_served = 全球
| key_people = {{plainlist|
* 史蒂夫·凡·安德尔 <small>([[董事长]])</small>
* [[德·狄维士]] <small>([[总裁]])</small>
* 马克·史蒂文斯 <small>([[财务总监]])</small>
}}
| industry = [[多層次傳銷]]
| products = Amway Home, Glister, G&H, [[纽崔莱]], -{zh-cn:雅姿;zh-tw:ARTISTRY;zh-hk:雅芝;zh-sg:ARTISTRY;}-, AmwayQueen, eSpring, Atmosphere, XS Energy
| revenue = 86亿美元(2017年)<ref name="sales2017">{{Cite news| url=https://www.amwayglobal.com/amway-announces-sales-8-6-billion-2017-emphasis-product-innovation-technology-leads-companys-future-focus/ | title=Amway announces sales of $8.6 billion USD for 2017 | publisher = AmwayGlobal}}</ref>
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| num_employees = 17,000+ (2018年)<ref name="employees2018">{{Cite news| url=https://www.amwayglobal.com/facts-figures/19000-global-employees/ | title=17,000+ global employees | publisher = AmwayGlobal}}</ref>
| parent = {{tsl|en|Alticor|安达高}}
| foundation = 1959年11月9日
| location = {{USA}}[[密歇根州]]{{tsl|en|Ada Township, Michigan|艾达镇|艾达}}{{coord|42|57|27|N|85|32|39.4|W|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline, title}}
| homepage = {{url|http://www.amwayglobal.com/}}
}}
 
'''安麗'''({{lang-en|'''Amway'''}},全称:{{lang|en|'''Am'''erican '''way'''}})是一家[[美國]]公司,其特点是利用[[多層次直銷]]来销售健康、美容、[[居家照護|居家护理]]产品。<ref name="Xardel">{{Cite book|last= Xardel |first= Dominique |authorlink= Dominique Xardel|title= The Direct Selling Revolution. Understanding the Growth of the Amway Corporation |publisher={{tsl|en|Blackwell Publishing||Blackwell Publishing}} |year= 1993 |isbn= 978-0-631-19229-9|pages=1–4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amway.com/en/General/About-Amway-10725.aspx |title=About Amway – Global Leader in Direct Selling |publisher=Amway.com |date=2011-06-23 |accessdate=2011-07-09| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090418042628/http://www.amway.com/en/general/about-amway-10725.aspx| archivedate=2009-04-18| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-study--meeting-global-responsibilities-by-caring-for-communities--11-172-2.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220203230/http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-study--meeting-global-responsibilities-by-caring-for-communities--11-172-2.php |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2007-12-20 |title=The Times 100 Business Case Studies: Amway – Direct selling and supply chain |publisher=Replay.web.archive.org |date=2008-02-22 |accessdate=2011-07-09 }}</ref>總公司位於美國[[密歇根州]][[大急流市]]{{tsl|en|Ada Township, Michigan|艾达镇}},1959年由[[杰·温安洛]]和[[理查·狄維士]]创办。
2017年,安利与其{{tsl|en|Alticor|安达高}}旗下的姊妹公司报告当年的总销量为86亿美元。安利通过其分布在全球超过一百个国家或地区的有关公司进行销售,并于2015年在《[[福布斯]]》美国[[私人公司|私有企业]]利润榜中排行第二十九,2016年《直销新闻》美国多層次直銷公司榜中排行第一。
因[[多層次傳銷]],安利已被多个国家机构审查。 ==历史===== 创办 ===自学生时代以来,[[理查·狄维士]]和[[杰·温安洛]]就一直是好朋友,他们也共同经商,曾经经营过汉堡、包机服务、航海企业。1949年,经温安洛的表亲尼尔·马斯肯特({{lang|en|Neil Maaskant}})引荐,他们来到了纽崔莱产品公司({{lang|en|Nutrilite Products Corporation}})<ref>A California-based direct sales company founded by Carl Rehnborg, the developer of the first {{tsl|en|multivitamin||multivitamin}} marketed in the United States</ref>,并在当年8月成为了[[紐崔萊]]食品供应的分销商。<ref name="Conn">{{Cite book|last= Conn|first= Charles Paul|title= The Possible Dream: A Candid Look At Amway|authorlink=Charles Paul Conn|publisher=[[威望公司]] |year= 1977 |isbn= 0-8007-0857-1}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=September 2010}}翌日,他们以$19.50美元的价格卖出了第一箱食品,但两周后就对此失去了兴趣。在马斯肯特的建议跟资助下,他们来到了芝加哥参加一场纽崔莱的讲座,观看了公司的一些资料视频、听了事业有成的分销商的经验分享,于是决定继续经营纽崔莱的业务。在回程的路上他们卖掉了第二箱产品,随后很快地就进入角色开始发展自己的业务。<ref name="Conn" />{{Page needed|date=September 2010}} 1949年年初,他们创办了杰理公司({{lang|en|Ja-Ri Corporation}},用二人的名字拼成),从南美洲国家进口羊毛制品。在听完芝加哥的那场讲座之后,他们将杰理公司转为纽崔莱的分销公司。<ref>{{Cite book|last= Van Andel|first= Jay|title= An Enterprising Life|authorlink=Jay Van Andel|publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |year= 1998 |isbn= 0-88730-997-6|pages=37–39}}</ref>除了销售所得利润之外,纽崔莱还利用[[多層次傳銷]],当旧分销商引荐的新分销商将产品销售出去之后,旧分销商也能从纽崔莱那里得到[[佣金]]。到了1958年,狄维士和温安洛就已经组织了五千多名分销商。但因担心纽崔莱不稳定,再加上他们希望寻找一些新产品来分销,1959年4月,狄维士、温安洛以及其他的一些顶级分销商在地下室里成立了安利(当时名为美国之路协会,即{{lang|en|American Way Association}})。<ref>{{Cite book|last= Robinson|first= James W.|title= Empire of Freedom: The Amway Story and What It Means to You|publisher={{tsl|en|Prima Publishing||Prima Publishing}} |year= 1997 |isbn= 0-7615-1088-5|page=11}}</ref><ref>{{cite newsweb|title=安利公司简介 |url=httpshttp://wwwbusiness.ftcsohu.govcom/public-statements2003/02/199824/0533/pyramid-schemes article219183342.shtml|titlewebsite=Pyramid Schemesbusiness.sohu.com|workpublisher=Federal Trade Commission [[搜狐网|搜狐财经]]|accessdate=20152018-05-0726|language=zh-19 cn|date=19982003-0502-1324}}</ref> 安利的第一个产品是 Frisk,由[[俄亥俄州]]科学家研发的一款浓缩有机清洁剂。狄维士和温安洛将其买下,后将其改名为液态有机清洁剂({{lang|en|Liquid Organic Cleaner}})。<ref name>{{cite video | people = | title = Profiles of the American Dream: Rich DeVos and Jay Van Andel and the Remarkable Beginnings of Amway | medium = Documentary | publisher=Premiere Films |date ="classaction" 1997 }}</ref>二人随后成立了两个公司——安利销售公司({{lang|en|Amway Sales Corporation}}),用来采购、管理、销售产品;以及安利服务公司({{lang|en|Amway Services Corporation}}),来为分销商提供保险等福利。<ref>{{tsl|en|Bill Hybels||Bill Hybels}} interview with [[理查·狄维士|Rich DeVos]] at the <!-- 页面不存在 -->[[Willow Creek Association]]'s [[Global Leadership Summit]] in 2000</ref>1960年,他们又买下了液态有机清洁剂的原生产商(Atco Manufacturing Company)50%的股份,并将其改名为安利制造公司({{lang|en|Amway Manufacturing Corporation}})。<ref name>{{Cite book|last= Van Andel|first= Jay|title= An Enterprising Life|authorlink=Jay Van Andel|publisher=[[哈珀柯林斯|HarperCollins]] |year= 1998 |isbn= 0-88730-997-6|pages="ibtimes" 58–60}}</ref>1964年,安利销售公司、安利服务公司、安利制造公司合并为安利公司({{lang|en|Amway Corporation}})。<ref name="Kerala raidsMLMLAW" >From MLM Law Library: [http://www.mlmlaw.com/library/cases/mlm/ftc/amway.htm FTC Final Order from May 8, 1979 (93 F.T.C. 618)].</ref1972年,安利取得了纽崔莱的控制权,1994年将纽崔莱完全买下。<ref name="Sanandakumar">{{cite news|lasturl=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-5531851_ITM |title=Orange County, Calif., Firm Goes Back to Dawn of Vitamin Age |publisher=SanandakumarAccessmylibrary.com |firstaccessdate=S2011-07-09}}</ref> 安利1971年进军澳大利亚<ref>{{cite web|title=Amway India Chairman William S Pinckney, two Directors granted bail's Move To Australia {{!}} Network Marketing|url=httphttps://economictimeswww.indiatimesmlmtipsandadvice.com.au/newsamways-move-to-australia/politics|website=MLM {{!}} Network Marketing {{!}} Multi Level Marketing {{!}} MLM Australia|accessdate=2018-and05-nation27}}</ref>,1973年打入部分欧洲地区,1974年进入亚洲部分地区,1979年进入日本<ref>{{cite web|author1=David J. Arnold|author2=John A. Quelch|author3=Yoshinori Fujikawa|author4=Patrick Reinmoller|title=Amway Japan Ltd.|url=https://hbr.org/product/amway-indiajapan-chairmanltd/598029-williamPDF-sENG|website=hbr.org|publisher=Harvard Business Review|accessdate=2018-pinckney05-two27|date=1998-directors02-granted-bail23}}</ref>,1985年进入拉丁美洲,1987年进入泰国,1995年进入中国,1997年进入非洲,1998年进入印度<ref>{{cite web|title=What Amway learnt in India|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2005/articleshowapr/2031474413amway.htm|website=www.rediff.cmscom|accessdate=20142018-05-2827}}</ref>、[[斯堪的纳维亚]],2003年进入乌克兰<ref>{{cite web|author1=Olha Reshetylova|title=Successful business in a successful society|url=https://day.kyiv.ua/en/article/economy/successful-business-successful-society|website=day.kyiv.ua|newspaperaccessdate=The Economic Times2018-05-27|date=20132010-0504-2927}}</ref>,2005年进入俄罗斯,2006年进入越南。 2017年,安利与其{{tsl|en|Alticor|安达高}}旗下的姊妹公司报告当年的总销量为86亿美元。<refname="sales2017">{{cite webCite news| url=https://www.amwayglobal.com/amway-announces-sales-8-6-billion-2017-emphasis-product-innovation-technology-leads-companys-future-focus/ |authortitle=Roger Adler All Articles Amway announces sales of $8.6 billion USD for 2017 | publisher = AmwayGlobal}}</ref>安利通过其分布在全球超过一百个国家或地区的有关公司进行销售,并于2015年在《[[福布斯]]》美国[[私人公司|私有企业]]利润榜中排行第二十九,2016年《直销新闻》美国多層次直銷公司榜中排行第一。<ref>{{cite news|url=httphttps://www.lawforbes.com/jspcompanies/amway/|title=Amway on the Forbes Largest Private Companies List|date=2014-10-01|work=Forbes|accessdate=2015-07-19}}</ref><ref>[http:/ihc/PubArticleIHCwww.amway.co.jspuk/cms/about_amway_and_direct_selling/who_is_amway Amway (uk) – Who is Amway?id=1202428760677 ] {{webarchive|archive-url=https://web.archive.isorg/web/2011060723193720090316051739/http://www.lawamway.co.uk/cms/about_amway_and_direct_selling/who_is_amway|date=2009-03-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://directsellingnews.com/jspindex.php/ihcview/PubArticleIHC2016_dsn_global_100_list#.jsp?idV9JBRvnhCM-|title=1202428760677 2016 DSN Global 100 List — Direct Selling News|deadwebsite=directsellingnews.com|access-date=2016-10-url10|deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411013820/http://directsellingnews.com/index.php/view/2016_dsn_global_100_list#.V9JBRvnhCM-date|archivedate=20112016-0604-07 11}}</ref>截至2017年,安利注册的直销商人数为105万。<ref>{{cite web|title=Amway GC Lives the Dream 直销业专题研究报告:直销业进入爆发期_行业研究_新浪财经_新浪网|publisherurl=Lawhttp://vip.stock.finance.sina.com .cn/q/go.php/vReport_Show/kind/industry/rptid/3631531/index.phtml|datewebsite=2009-03-04 vip.stock.finance.sina.com.cn|accessdate=20112018-0705-0928}}</ref><ref name == 參考文獻 =="NYTimes2018" />{{Reflist}}
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