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临沂因临沂河得名，古为琅琊、沂州，是 [[ 东夷文化 ]] 的核心发祥地。虞夏时禹划九州， [[ 沂蒙 ]] 为徐州。西周并入青州，建城鄅都。春秋时筑启阳城。秦属琅琊郡。西汉设徐州刺史部，治郯县。 东汉琅琊国迁都开阳。北周改置北徐州为沂州。隋置临沂县。 清为沂州府。近代中国共产党在临沂地区创建沂蒙革命根据地，成立中共山东省委、山东省政府、山东军区以及中共中央华东局、华东军区。1994年改临沂地区为地级临沂市。