變更

| name = Ivy League

| short_name = Ivies, Ancient Eight

'''常春藤盟校'''或'''常春藤联盟'''（'''Ivy League'''）成立于1954年，是由[[美国]]东北部地区的8所[[私立大学]]组成的联盟。这8所学校有著许多共同的特点：它们都是[[美国]]名校、也是美国产生最多[[罗德奖学金]]得主的大学联盟。此外它们也是[[美国]]历史悠久的大学：8所学校中的7所是在[[英国]]殖民时期建立的[[殖民地学院]]。常春藤盟校包括：[[布朗大学]]、[[哥伦比亚大学]]、[[康奈尔大学]]、[[达特茅斯学院]]、[[哈佛大学]]、[[宾夕法尼亚大学]]、[[普林斯顿大学]]、[[耶鲁大学]]。

所有的常春藤盟校都是[[私立大学]]，和[[公立大学]]一样，它们同时接受[[政府]]资助和私人捐赠，用于学术研究。例如常春藤之一的[[康乃尔大学]]就有4所学院是完全由政府支持的。由于美国公立大学享有政府的巨额拨款<ref>University of Washington is the largest recipient of federal research funding among public universities and second among all public and private universities in the country, a position that the university has held each year since 1974.University of Washington（2008，PDF), Annual Report Of Awards And Expenditures Related To Research, Training, Fellowships, and Other Sponsored Programs, University of Washington, {{cite web |url=http://www.washington.edu/research/.SITEPARTS/.documents/.reportsAnnual/06Annual_Report_-_Fiscal_Year_2007.pdf |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2011-08-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325160301/http://www.washington.edu/research/.SITEPARTS/.documents/.reportsAnnual/06Annual_Report_-_Fiscal_Year_2007.pdf |archivedate=2009-03-25 }}</ref>，私立大学的财政支出和研究经费要低于公立大学。<ref> The university of MIchigan manages one of the largest annual collegiate research budgets of any university in the United States, totaling about $1 billion in 2009. a b c "Annual Report on Research and Scholarship FY2009 Financial Summary" (PDF). University of Michigan Office of the Vice President for Research. January 21, 2010. {{cite web |url=http://research.umich.edu/content/2010/01/fy09-financial-report.pdf |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2010-08-31 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606135859/http://research.umich.edu/content/2010/01/fy09-financial-report.pdf |archivedate=2010-06-06 }}. Retrieved August 31, 2010.</ref><br />

== 成员 ==

八所常春藤盟校是（以下依英文首字母排序）：

* [[布朗大学]]：位于[[罗德岛州]][[普洛威顿斯]]，1764年成立。

* [[哥伦比亚大学]]：位于[[纽约州]][[纽约市]]，1754年成立。

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===风尚与生活方式===

多年以来，不同的时尚潮流与流派从常春藤盟校中一直不断地涌现出来。比如服装文化，常见的有[[校服]]、[[棒球服]]、[[POLO衫]]、[[高尔夫]]运动装、夏季服装、[[休闲服]]、{{tsl|en|Preppy||Preppy}}款式等，这些服装的设计发祥于英美上流社会，并不断演变，流行至今。而时任美国总统[[约翰·肯尼迪]]也是一位常春藤式服装的追随者。

===社会精英主义===

人们经常会把常春藤盟校与西方国家[[显贵]]人士、[[美国]][[上流社会]]的[[华斯普]]群体联系在一起。虽然常春藤盟校的学生都来自家境优越的上级阶层，也往往来自[[新英格兰]]，但目前的学生群体无论在家庭经济条件方面，还是种族、地域方面，都呈现了多样化的趋势<ref>{{cite book | title=Snobbery: The American Version | first = Joseph |last = Epstein | year=2003 |publisher = Houghton Mifflin | isbn = 0-618-34073-4}} p. 55, "by WASP Baltzell meant something much more specific; he intended to cover a select group of people who passed through a congeries of elite American institutions: certain eastern prep schools, the Ivy League colleges, and the Episcopal Church among them." and {{cite book | title=The Ideal of the University | first = Robert Paul |last = Wolff | publisher = Transaction Publishers | year=1992 | isbn = 1-56000-603-X}} p. viii: "My genial, aristocratic contempt for Clark Kerr's celebration of the University of California was as much an expression of Ivy League snobbery as it was of radical social critique."</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2012/09/17/161295588/the-end-of-wasp-dominated-politics|title=The End Of WASP-Dominated Politics|first=Alan|last=Greenblatt|date=2012-09-19|work=NPR.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spectator.org/articles/34941/missing-wasps|title=Missing the WASPs|first=Christopher|last=Orlet|date=2012-08-23|work=The American Spectator|access-date=2016-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107201033/http://spectator.org/articles/34941/missing-wasps|archive-date=2016-01-07|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/28/opinion/28feldman.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 | work=The New York Times | first=Noah | last=Feldman | title=The Triumphant Decline of the WASP | date=2010-06-27}}</ref>。学校也设有专门的补助金项目以资助那些家境不太好的学生。但有数据表明，在校生中的寒门子弟仍然是少数。<ref name="theatlantic.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2014/02/why-ivy-league-schools-are-so-bad-at-economic-diversity/284076/|title=Why Ivy League Schools Are So Bad at Economic Diversity|first=Robin J.|last=Hayes|date=February 2014|work=The Atlantic}}</ref><ref>Time magazine, Noliwe M. Rooks, Feb. 27, 2013, [http://ideas.time.com/2013/02/27/the-biggest-barrier-to-elite-education-isnt-affordability-its-accessibility/ The Biggest Barrier to Elite Education Isn’t Affordability. It’s Accessibility], Retrieved Aug. 27, 2014, "...accessibility of these schools to students who are poor, minority ... the weight that Ivy League and other highly selective schools...unfortunate set of circumstances ... gifted minority, poor and working class students can benefit most from the educational opportunities..."</ref><ref>August 26, 2014 , Boston Globe (via NY Times), [http://www.boston.com/business/news/2014/08/26/generation-later-poor-are-still-rare-elite-colleges/pL5EU7PrPXvpEflvgXAuEJ/story.html A Generation Later, Poor are Still Rare at Elite Colleges], Retrieved Aug. 30, 2014, "more elite group of 28 private colleges and universities, including all eight Ivy League members, ... from 2001 to 2009, ... enrollment of students from the bottom 40 percent of family incomes increased from just 10 percent to 11 percent...."</ref>

===成为美国总统的校友===

迄今为止，44名曾担任美国总统的人士中，就有16名是毕业于常春藤盟校的。有8名总统是从哈佛大学毕业，5名从耶鲁大学毕业，3名（其中两名获得荣誉学位）从哥伦比亚大学毕业，2名从普林斯顿大学毕业，还有7名肄业，其中有3名是转校生：唐纳·川普总统从[[福坦莫大学]]（Fordham University）转至[[宾夕法尼亚大学]]，奥巴马总统从[[洛杉矶]][[西方学院]](Occidental College)转至哥伦比亚大学，而约翰·肯尼迪总统从联盟内的普林斯顿大学转至哈佛大学。而美国总统中第一个从常春藤盟校毕业的是约翰·亚当斯，1755年从哈佛大学毕业。