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矿物材料
,無編輯摘要
==结构材料==
[[File:U=1395366195,3942341955&fm=26&fmt=auto2矿物材料7.webp|缩略图|矿物材料[https://imageimg0.baidu.com/searchit/detail?ctu=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined©right=undefined&cs=1395366195,3942341955&os=28601825611281202299,3966586071&simid=1395366195,3942341955&pn=16&rn=1&di=198000&ln=1141&fr=&fmq=1635166385418_R2272899958&fm=26&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=0&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&objurl=https%3A%2F%2Fgimg2.baidu.com%2Fimage_search%2Fsrc%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.chinaneolithic.net%252Fuploadfile%252Fimage%252F202002%252F2020021122140040.jpg%26refer%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.chinaneolithic.net%26app%3D2002%26size%3Df9999%2C10000%26q%3Da80%26n%3D0%26g%3D0n%26fmt%3Djpeg%3Fsec%3D1637758383%26t%3D6ac40dc553df5d90591f460e2aef01a8&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicidfmt=0&nojc=undefined auto 原图链接][https://imageimg0.baidu.com/searchit/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tnu=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined©right=undefined&cs=1395366195,3942341955&os=2860182561,3966586071&simid=13953661951281202299,3942341955&pn=16&rn=1&di=198000&ln=1141&fr=&fmq=1635166385418_R2272899958&fm=26&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=0&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&objurl=https%3A%2F%2Fgimg2.baidu.com%2Fimage_search%2Fsrc%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.chinaneolithic.net%252Fuploadfile%252Fimage%252F202002%252F2020021122140040.jpg%26refer%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.chinaneolithic.net%26app%3D2002%26size%3Df9999%2C10000%26q%3Da80%26n%3D0%26g%3D0n%26fmt%3Djpeg%3Fsec%3D1637758383%26t%3D6ac40dc553df5d90591f460e2aef01a8&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&nojcfmt=undefined auto 图片来源百度网]]]
狭义的是指用于制造业和建筑业的材料。广义的泛指一切非功能材料。矿物结构材料用于很多部门。在建筑工业中,[[石膏]]制品可在强度要求较低的情况下代替水泥制品,用作[[隔墙板]]和[[装饰板]];用[[蛭石]]、[[浮石]]、[[火山渣]]、[[珍珠岩]]和膨胀页岩加工可制成含有大量孔隙、具有[[保温]]和隔热等性能的轻质建筑材料。在化学工业中,制造[[塑料]]、[[橡胶]]和[[粘合剂]]时都大量添加矿物,制成[[复合材料]]。塑料中加入[[石棉]]或[[高岭石]]、[[滑石]]等矿物,可增加强度、减振、隔音、阻燃和抗老化。冶金工业中利用膨润土的粘结性加工铁精矿球团。在耐火材料中除了传统的[[粘土]]、[[硅石]]、[[铝土矿]]和[[菱镁矿]]等,还发展了蓝晶石族矿物、[[石墨]]和[[锆石]]为主的新型耐火材料。在机械工业中,矿物用作磨削材料、保护涂层、固体[[润滑剂]]、[[摩擦剂]]、[[密封剂]]、[[焊接材料]]等。用作磨料的,从软的硅土、方解石到最硬的[[金刚石]],有30多种矿物。应用最多的天然和合成矿物磨削材料有金刚石、[[石榴子石]]、[[金刚砂]](合成碳硅石)、合成刚玉和刚玉砂等。[[陶瓷工业]]中使用[[硅灰石]]、[[透辉石]]和[[透闪石]]等节能型原料,降低烧成温度,缩短烧成时间。在[[造纸]]中片状高岭石、[[滑石]]和[[轻质碳酸钙]]以其高白度和强遮盖能力,用作纸张涂料、填料和增白。石油钻探中矿物用作造浆和加重剂。[[膨润土]]、[[海泡石]]和坡缕石用作水基泥浆,而有机膨润土可制油基泥浆。比重较大的重晶石和[[赤铁矿]]等用作泥浆加重剂,可防止井喷。[[食品加工]]中[[硅藻土]]和活性膨润土等用作饮料和食品的过滤、脱色。这类矿物也常用于[[水]]和放射性废弃物的处理。农业中[[沸石]]、膨润土、海泡石和硅藻土等用作土壤改良剂,以改善土壤结构,调节水分,吸附有毒物质和改善肥料特性。膨润土、沸石和[[皂石]]等用作[[畜禽]]的饲料添加剂,可使畜禽减少疾病,明显增加体重。
[[File:矿物材料7.webp|缩略图|矿物材料[https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&hd=&latest=©right=&cs=1281202299,2272899958&os=3463257722,2476163513&simid=3631169628,471788696&pn=26&rn=1&di=197780&ln=1141&fr=&fmq=1635168827867_R&ic=&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=&height=&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=2&ist=&jit=&bdtype=0&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&objurl=https%3A%2F%2Fgimg2.baidu.com%2Fimage_search%2Fsrc%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fchinaneolithic.com%252Fuploadfile%252Fimage%252F202001%252F2020012321473074.jpg%26refer%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fchinaneolithic.com%26app%3D2002%26size%3Df9999%2C10000%26q%3Da80%26n%3D0%26g%3D0n%26fmt%3Djpeg%3Fsec%3D1637760826%26t%3D9e02c2c794b225597343f93fd404a61e&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&nojc=undefined 原图链接][https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&hd=&latest=©right=&cs=1281202299,2272899958&os=3463257722,2476163513&simid=3631169628,471788696&pn=26&rn=1&di=197780&ln=1141&fr=&fmq=1635168827867_R&ic=&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=&height=&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=2&ist=&jit=&bdtype=0&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&objurl=https%3A%2F%2Fgimg2.baidu.com%2Fimage_search%2Fsrc%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fchinaneolithic.com%252Fuploadfile%252Fimage%252F202001%252F2020012321473074.jpg%26refer%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fchinaneolithic.com%26app%3D2002%26size%3Df9999%2C10000%26q%3Da80%26n%3D0%26g%3D0n%26fmt%3Djpeg%3Fsec%3D1637760826%26t%3D9e02c2c794b225597343f93fd404a61e&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&nojc=undefined 图片来源百度网]]]
==功能材料==