吉粟草檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
吉粟草 |
中文名:吉粟草 拉丁學名:Gisekia pharnaceoides 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:中央種子目 科:番杏科 屬:針晶粟草屬 |
吉粟草(jí sù cǎo),學名 Gisekia pharnaceoides L.,是番杏科、針晶粟草屬植物針晶粟草(學名:Gisekia pharnaceoides)的別名。 [1]
吉粟草形態特徵
一年生草本,高20-50厘米。莖鋪散,多分枝,無毛。葉片稍肉質,橢圓形或匙形,長1-2.5厘米,寬4-10毫米,頂端鈍或急尖,基部漸尖,兩面均有多數白色針狀結晶體,下面更明顯;
葉柄長2-10毫米,上面具溝。花小,多朵簇生成束或為傘形花序,腋生或生於兩分枝之間;花梗細,長3-5毫米;花被片淡綠色,長圓形或卵形,鈍頭,長1.5-2毫米,有白色針晶體;
雄蕊5,離生,花絲近中部以下擴大成瓣狀;心皮5,離生,扁圓形,果時與花被片等長;花柱5,分離。果腎形,具小疣狀凸起,不開裂,為宿存花被片包圍,果皮脆殼質,具白色針晶體;
種子稍黑色,平滑,具細小腺點,胚彎,較小於半圈。花期夏秋,果期冬季。
Herbs annual, 20-50 cm, prostrate. All parts streaked with linear white raphides. Petiole poorly defined, 2-10 mm; leaf blade elliptic, lanceolate, or spatulate, 1-2.5 cm × 4-10 mm, both surfaces with many white raphides, base attenuate, apex obtuse or subacute. Inflorescences mostly sessile, apparently axillary, densely umbel-like.
Flowers 5-20. Pedicel 3-5 mm. Tepals 5, green (to red), ovate, 1.5-2 mm, apex acute. Stamens 5, ca. 1 mm; filaments flattened and dilated at base. Carpels 5; styles short. Mericarp reniform, mostly spiny tuberculate, sometimes also some smooth, surrounded by persistent tepals. Seeds black, smooth, minutely pitted. Fl. summer-autumn, fr. winter.
Open, sandy habitats, often near the sea;; low elevations. Hainan [Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam; tropical and subtropical Africa; introduced in North America (SE United States)].
Collections from Iran and Pakistan with winged mericarps have been described as var. alata M. G. Gilbert.
吉粟草產地生境
產海南。生于海岸沙地。越南、印度、巴基斯坦、阿富汗及熱帶非洲也有。
分類文獻
Gisekia pharnaceoides L., Mant. Pl. 2: 562. 1771; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 6644. 1879; Merr. et Chun in Sunyatsenia 2: 221. 1935; 海南植物志1: 379. 圖198. 1964; Tard. -Bl. Fl. Camb. Laos et Vietn. fasc. 5: 90. pl. 1: 6-11. 1967; 中國高等植物圖鑑1: 613.圖1226. 1972.