韋菅檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
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中文名:韋菅 學 名:Themeda arundinacea (Roxb.) A. Camus 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:單子葉植物綱 目:禾本目 科:禾本科 族:高粱族 屬:菅屬 種:韋菅 |
韋菅(jū zhōng jiān)，學名： Themeda × intermedia (Hack.) Bor，異名：Themeda gigantea subsp. intermedia ，屬禾本科， 多年生，叢生草本；高1-3米。稈堅實，髓白色，下部直徑1-1.5厘米，圓形或兩側壓扁，平滑而具光澤。葉鞘平滑無毛，具粗脊；葉舌長約2毫米，膜質；葉片線形，長0.5-1米，寬1-1.5厘米，向基漸狹，頂端漸尖，兩面粗糙，邊緣微卷，粗糙。分布於廣西、貴州、雲南等地。 [1]
形態特徵
多年生，叢生草本；高1-3米。稈堅實，髓白色，下部直徑1-1.5厘米，圓形或兩側壓扁，平滑而具光澤。葉鞘平滑無毛，具粗脊；葉舌長約2毫米，膜質；葉片線形，長0.5-1米，寬1-1.5厘米，向基漸狹，頂端漸尖，兩面粗糙，邊緣微卷，粗糙。佛焰苞的總狀花序組成多回復出的偽圓錐花序；佛焰苞披針狀舟形，長2-3.5厘米；總狀花序長1.5-3厘米（除芒長），通常由7-9小穗組成。總苞狀，小穗着生不在同一水平，皆為雄性或中性，披針形，長1-1.5厘米，穎被金黃色瘤基毛。無柄小穗長圓形；穎革質，褐色，密被褐色短毛或漸脫落；第二小花外稃退化為芒基；芒粗壯，1-2回膝曲，長4-6厘米。有柄小穗形似總苞狀小穗。花果期9月至次年4月。
Themeda arundinacea (Roxburgh) A. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine. 17: 363. 1922. 韋菅 wei jian
Anthistiria arundinacea Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 1: 256. 1820; A. subsericans Nees ex Steudel; Cymbopogon arundinaceus (Roxburgh) Schultes; Themeda gigantea (Cavanilles) Hackel subsp. arundinacea (Roxburgh) Hackel; T. gigantea var. sub-sericans (Nees ex Steudel) Hackel; T. subsericans (Nees ex Steudel) Ridley.
Perennial. Culms tufted, reedlike, stout, up to 6 m tall, 1–1.5 cm in diam. Leaf sheaths glabrous; leaf blades 50–100 × 1–1.5 cm, scabrid, gradually narrowed to the thick white midrib toward base, acuminate; ligule 1–2 mm.
Compound panicle large with many drooping branches, each branch bearing spathes subtending 2–3 spatheoles; spatheoles 2–3.5 cm, glabrous; peduncle pubescent at apex. Raceme composed of 0–2 spikelet pairs and a terminal triad above the involucre of 2 homogamous pairs.
Homogamous spikelets arising at slightly different levels, male or barren, 12–20 mm, linear-lanceolate, densely hispid with long, golden, tubercle-based hairs, finely acuminate.
Sessile spikelet 7–9.5 mm; callus 2–3.5 mm, narrowly cuneate; lower glume oblong-lanceolate, densely strigose with golden or brown hairs, hairs usually deciduous; awn 4–9 cm. Pedicelled spikelet 13–20 mm. Fl. and fr. Sep–Apr.
產地生境
Mountain slopes, valley grasslands; 700–2000 m. Guangxi, Gui-zhou, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, N India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
Themeda arundinacea belongs to a group of giant Themeda species with stout, solid, reedlike culms and large, drooping panicles, also including T. caudata, T. intermedia, T. trichiata, and T. villosa. Most were treated in old literature at infraspecific rank under T. gigantea (Cavanilles) Hackel, which name is now applied only to a form endemic in the Philippines with awnless racemes of small, hairy spikelets. The species of this complex probably intergrade, and variation is not well understood.
Smaller forms of Themeda arundinacea with culms to 3 m tall, shorter spikelets, and shorter, weaker awns (3–4.5 cm) are sometimes separated as T. subsericans.