檢視三裂叶半夏的原始碼


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|[[File:三裂叶半夏1.jpg|缩略图|居中|250px|[http://img1.iplant.cn/gotoimg/236/4A31B782812C5FC5.jpg 原图链接] [http://www.iplant.cn/info/Pinellia%20tripartita?t=p 来自植物智]]]

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中文学名:半夏属

拉丁学名:Pinellia Ten.

界:植物界

门:被子植物门

纲:单子叶植物纲

目:天南星目

科:[[天南星科]]

族:天南星族

属:[[半夏属]]

分布区域:[[东亚]]

分布量:世界：6种；中国：5种

引种状况:非引种

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'''三裂叶半夏'''(sān liè yè bàn xià，学名 '''Pinellia tripartita''' (Blume) Schott，异名：Arisaema tripartitum  Atherurus tripartitus  Pinellia tripartita var. atropurpurea )一般指'''半夏属''' Pinellia Tenore，是[[天南星科]]植物，全世界共有6种，分布于东亚，我国有5种，半夏、滴水珠、盾叶半夏、石蜘蛛、虎掌，南北均产，其中最重要的为[[半夏]]P. ternata（Thunb. ）Breit.，块茎入药，能燥湿化痰，降逆止呕，生用消疖肿，此外虎掌P. Pedatisecta Schott的块茎亦供药用。
<ref>[http://www.iplant.cn/info/%C8%FD%C1%D1%D2%B6%B0%EB%CF%C4 三裂叶半夏], 植物智, 2020-01-18</ref>

==半夏属本属描述==
半夏属是 多年生草本，具块茎。叶和花序同时抽出。叶柄下部或上部，叶片基部常有珠芽；叶片全缘，3深裂、3全裂或鸟足状分裂，裂片长圆椭圆形或卵状长圆形，侧脉纤细，近边缘有集合脉3条。
[[File:三裂叶半夏2.jpg|缩略图|left|250px|[http://img1.iplant.cn/gotoimg/236/8885D5717732E142.jpg 原图链接] [http://www.iplant.cn/info/Pinellia%20tripartita?t=p 来自植物智]]]

花序柄单生，与叶柄等长或超过。佛焰苞宿存，管部席卷，有增厚的横 隔膜，喉部几乎闭合；檐部长圆形，长约为管部的2倍，舟形。

[[File:三裂叶半夏3.jpg|缩略图|left|250px|[http://img1.iplant.cn/gotoimg/236/30BFDCA6ABA1E005.jpg 原图链接] [http://www.iplant.cn/info/Pinellia%20tripartita?t=p 来自植物智]]]
[[File:三裂叶半夏4.jpg|缩略图|left|250px|[http://img1.iplant.cn/gotoimg/236/3D9962A9E0D09D1A.jpg 原图链接] [http://www.iplant.cn/info/Pinellia%20tripartita?t=p 来自植物智]]]

肉穗花序下部雌花序与佛焰苞合生达隔膜（在喉部），单侧着花，内藏于佛焰苞管部；雄花序位于隔膜之上，圆柱形，短，附属器延长的线状圆锥形，超出佛焰苞很长。

浆果长圆状卵形、略锐尖，有不规则的疣皱；[[胚乳丰富]]，[[胚具轴]]  。

花单性，无花被，雄花有雄蕊2，雄蕊短，纵向压扁状，药隔细，药室顺肉穗花序方向伸长，顶孔纵向开裂，花粉无定形。雌花：子房卵圆形，1室，1胚珠；胚珠直生或几为半倒生，直立，珠柄短。

Atherurus tripartitus Blume, Rumphia 1: 137. 1835; Arisaema tripartitum (Blume) Engler; Pinellia tripartita var. atropurpurea Makino.

Tuber subglobose, ca. 2.5 cm in diam.; cataphylls lanceolate, to 10 cm. Leaves 2-5; petiole green, 30-35 cm; leaf blade green, 3-partite; leaflets broadly ovate to ovate-oblong; anterior leaflet ca. 15 × 4-7 cm, apex ca. 1.5 cm; lateral leaflets smaller; primary lateral veins 8-12 per side on each leaflet, forming a distinct marginal collective vein, also with 2 thinner collective veins along margin. Inflorescence solitary; peduncle to 25 cm, shorter than petioles, slender. 

Spathe whitish to light green, slightly constricted, 7-9(-10) cm; tube almost closed within by a transverse septum, gaping at base, oblong to subcylindric, ca. 3.5 × 1-1.25 cm; limb gaping, boat-shaped, oblong, ca. 4 × 2.5 cm. Spadix 20-25 cm; female zone ca. 3 cm, adnate to spathe; female flowers densely arranged; pistil 1-1.2 mm; ovary ovoid, 0.9-1 mm; style distinct, 0.2-0.3 mm, attenuate; stigma subhemispheric; sterile zone between female and male zone 0.6-0.7 cm; male zone 1.8-2 cm; thecae elongate, opening by a slit; appendix long exserted from spathe, sigmoid, 15-20 cm, base ca. 3 mm in diam., smooth. Berries pale green to whitish, ovoid, 1-seeded. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 26, 52.

Dense broad-leaved forests, forest margins, roadsides. Hong Kong [Japan].

Pinellia tripartita was considered endemic to Japan for a long time; it is first reported here from Hong Kong (C. Wright 508, P).Pinellia tripartita was considered endemic to Japan for a long time; it is first reported here from Hong Kong (C. Wright 508, P).

==半夏属下级分类==

本属植物我国有5种，分别为：

[[滴水珠]] Pinellia cordata 　　

[[石蜘蛛]] Pinellia integrifolia 　

[[虎掌]]Pinellia pedatisecta 　　

[[盾叶半夏]] Pinellia peltata 　　

[[半夏]]Pinellia ternata<ref>曾宋君 余志满 柯萧霞编著．常见观叶花卉：天南星科植物：中国林业出版社，2004.01：150 </ref>

==半夏属地理分布==
本属植物全世界共有6种，主要分布于[[东亚]]，我国有5种，南北均产  。<ref>[http://www.plants.csdb.cn/eflora/view/search/chs_contents.aspx?CPNI=CPNI-128-015182 半夏属  ．中国科学院昆明植物研究所．2016-1-5[引用日期2012-11-23] </ref>
==半夏属应用价值==
半夏为著名的中药材，其块茎能人药，具有燥湿化痰、降逆止呕，用有消疖肿等功能。也可将其盆栽观赏，此外虎掌的块茎亦供药用  。<ref>FOC  >> Vol.23 (2010) >> Araceae  >> Pinellia  </ref>

== 参考来源 ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:370 植物學總論]]