檢視腺柳的原始碼

'''腺柳'''

[[File:腺柳1.jpg|缩略图|左|腺柳[http://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E8%85%BA%E6%9F%B3%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=3830743009,2854352490&os=2151542041,2110341497&simid=4243440662,607907274&pn=50&rn=1&di=15520&ln=163&fr=&fmq=1593591285114_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=15&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fimg.jf258.com%2Fi%2F2a779813159x4289601949b27.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 原图链接][http://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E8%85%BA%E6%9F%B3%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=3830743009,2854352490&os=2151542041,2110341497&simid=4243440662,607907274&pn=50&rn=1&di=15520&ln=163&fr=&fmq=1593591285114_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=15&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fimg.jf258.com%2Fi%2F2a779813159x4289601949b27.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 图片来源百度网]]]
腺柳（[[学名： Salix chaenomeloides Kimura]]）小乔木。叶椭圆形、卵圆形至椭圆状披针形，早落，萌枝上的很发育。花序梗和轴有柔毛；花丝长，花药黄色，子房、蒴果卵状形，花果期4～5月。

腺柳经北京市林木品种委员会观赏植物专业委员会审（[[认]]）定，腺柳通过良种认定，并颁发[[北京市]]林木良种证书。  <ref>[刘雪梅;柴亚军;濒危树种腺柳怀柔繁育成功[N];北京日报;2008-03-03]</ref> 

==形态特征==

腺柳（[[原变种]]）小乔木。枝暗褐色或红褐色，有光泽。叶椭圆形、卵圆形至椭圆状披针形，长4-8厘米，宽1.8-3.5 （[[4]]）厘米，先端急尖，基部楔形，稀近圆形，两面光滑，上面绿色，下面苍白色或灰白色，边缘有腺锯齿；叶柄幼时被短绒毛，后渐变光滑，长5-12毫米，先端具腺点；托叶半圆形或肾形，边缘有腺锯齿，早落，萌枝上的很发育。雄花序长4-5厘米，粗8毫米；花序梗和轴有柔毛；苞片小，卵形，长约1毫米；雄蕊一般5，花丝长为苞片的2倍，基部有毛，花药黄色，球形；雌花序长4-5.5厘米，粗达10毫米；花序梗长达2厘米；轴被绒毛，子房狭卵形，具长柄，无毛，花柱缺，柱头头状或微裂；苞片椭圆状倒卵形，与子房柄等长或稍短；腺体2，基部连结成假花盘状；背腺小。蒴果卵状椭圆形，长3-7毫米。花期4月，果期5月。  <ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/9434678/a7c00DxyFK6hUnekUB63jtdnKu6X4Tks65xOOwOHkWvJnWSD20omVwMNNtKpQSewHPHhI0XROUdKzeiW9L8k8N1kIQcFfdBa6Wv-1lvmMZtf | 植物智，引用日期2019-12-19] </ref> 
[[File:腺柳2.jpg|缩略图|腺柳[http://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E8%85%BA%E6%9F%B3%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=1898858554,3759428019&os=4190683226,2811974967&simid=4261192923,719733803&pn=49&rn=1&di=8800&ln=163&fr=&fmq=1593591285114_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=0&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qnong.com.cn%2Fuploadfile%2F2016%2F0301%2F20160301085106557.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 原图链接][http://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E8%85%BA%E6%9F%B3%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=1898858554,3759428019&os=4190683226,2811974967&simid=4261192923,719733803&pn=49&rn=1&di=8800&ln=163&fr=&fmq=1593591285114_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=0&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qnong.com.cn%2Fuploadfile%2F2016%2F0301%2F20160301085106557.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 图片来源百度网]]]

==主要变种==

腺柳（[[原变型]]）形态特征等同原变种。

钝叶腺柳（[[秦岭植物志]]）变型该变型的特点是叶形小，长3-6.5厘米，宽1-2.2厘米，下面淡绿色，先端钝圆形，具小突尖。

[[File:腺柳3.jpg|缩略图|左|腺柳[http://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E8%85%BA%E6%9F%B3%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=729228820,841681070&os=1441164952,1516360026&simid=0,0&pn=57&rn=1&di=12650&ln=163&fr=&fmq=1593591285114_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=0&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fs11.sinaimg.cn%2Fmw690%2F003w6xjezy74s3EOz4C3a&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 原图链接][http://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E8%85%BA%E6%9F%B3%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=729228820,841681070&os=1441164952,1516360026&simid=0,0&pn=57&rn=1&di=12650&ln=163&fr=&fmq=1593591285114_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=0&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fs11.sinaimg.cn%2Fmw690%2F003w6xjezy74s3EOz4C3a&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 图片来源百度网]]]
产[[陕西]]。生山沟水旁。模式标本采自[[秦岭西段]]。

腺叶腺柳（[[秦岭植物志]]）变种该变种与原变型的主要区别是：叶柄上端的腺体成小叶片状；叶宽椭圆形或椭圆形，基部圆形，稀心形；托叶大，耳形或半圆形，长达1厘米，边缘有锯齿。

产[[陕西]]。生于海拔800-1050米的山沟溪流旁。模式标本采自[[丹凤县]]。 

==生长环境==

多生于海拔1000米以下的（[[在辽宁海拔仅几十米]]）山沟水旁。   喜光，不耐阴，较耐寒。喜潮湿肥沃的土壤。萌芽力强，耐修剪。
[[File:腺柳4.jpg|缩略图|腺柳[http://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E8%85%BA%E6%9F%B3%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=3186897929,2742773635&os=4044456776,1526884515&simid=4256307094,636200914&pn=46&rn=1&di=2320&ln=163&fr=&fmq=1593591285114_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=15&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fi00.c.aliimg.com%2Fimg%2Fibank%2F2011%2F040%2F803%2F415308040_825940886.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 原图链接][http://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E8%85%BA%E6%9F%B3%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=3186897929,2742773635&os=4044456776,1526884515&simid=4256307094,636200914&pn=46&rn=1&di=2320&ln=163&fr=&fmq=1593591285114_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=15&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fi00.c.aliimg.com%2Fimg%2Fibank%2F2011%2F040%2F803%2F415308040_825940886.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 图片来源百度网]]]

==地理分布==

产[[辽宁]]（[[丹东]]）及[[黄河下]]、[[中游流域诸省]]。[[朝鲜]]、[[日本]]也有分布。 <ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/9434678/2fe7eN-hoOWiYul1rBVK_7G0L8uGMHZBj3UcZqr4753dHqoszaE_eRYOOY-jStVqoMxlkQnj3xhr3GefucWsmREhai_WIAK3WNn0_YScbly-idFt-4hOFR2KS01EGvbSa_cXBqvlkyReK7oY-19b | 中国植物物种信息数据库，引用日期2013-10-27] </ref>  

==栽培管理==

[[File:腺柳5.jpg|缩略图|腺柳[http://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E8%85%BA%E6%9F%B3%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=2213475863,261070134&os=40027475,3230445895&simid=3514227891,403576824&pn=29&rn=1&di=6930&ln=163&fr=&fmq=1593591285114_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=0&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fs1.sinaimg.cn%2Fmw690%2F006Tar9yzy7kb1OA7EQa0%26690&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 原图链接][http://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E8%85%BA%E6%9F%B3%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=2213475863,261070134&os=40027475,3230445895&simid=3514227891,403576824&pn=29&rn=1&di=6930&ln=163&fr=&fmq=1593591285114_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=0&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fs1.sinaimg.cn%2Fmw690%2F006Tar9yzy7kb1OA7EQa0%26690&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 图片来源百度网]]]
移栽宜在落叶期和早春芽未萌动前进行。 

==引种繁育==

2001年，获悉海淀稻香湖苗圃发现两株腺柳后，怀柔区林业部门引种枝条200根，在室外进行扦插、嫁接繁殖试验，成活率达到95%以上。经过4年左右的试育期，截至去年底，该区已经繁育扦插腺柳60余万株，嫁接苗3万余株。据该区林业技术推广站技术人员介绍，作为[[北京]]地区的乡土树种，腺柳的繁育成功不会造成破坏本土生态系统的情况，而具有滞尘、节水、美化环境和绿化成本低等特点，使其成为提升景观档次的首选树种。

==主要价值==

春季草木吐绿，它却姹紫嫣红；秋天万山红遍，它却青翠欲滴，这种极具观赏价值、濒临灭绝的变色彩叶树种腺柳，如今在怀柔繁育成功，填补了[[北京]]地区乡土变色彩叶树种的空白。
[[File:腺柳6.jpg|缩略图|腺柳[http://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E8%85%BA%E6%9F%B3%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=1958152562,934482751&os=3710831939,1544395364&simid=4118688987,500002720&pn=33&rn=1&di=7370&ln=163&fr=&fmq=1593591285114_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=0&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fimg07.huishangbao.com%2Ffile%2Fupload%2F201409%2F29%2F22%2F22-01-50-33-289210.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 原图链接][http://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E8%85%BA%E6%9F%B3%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=undefined&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=1958152562,934482751&os=3710831939,1544395364&simid=4118688987,500002720&pn=33&rn=1&di=7370&ln=163&fr=&fmq=1593591285114_R&fm=&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=0&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&hs=2&objurl=http%3A%2F%2Fimg07.huishangbao.com%2Ffile%2Fupload%2F201409%2F29%2F22%2F22-01-50-33-289210.jpg&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&force=undefined 图片来源百度网]]]

腺柳俗称彩叶柳，属变色彩叶树种，其树形美观，色彩亮丽，春季新梢叶呈紫红色；初夏成嫣红色，夏季叶转黄色;秋凉后又转绿色，观赏性极强，可作为绿化树种植于湖泊、池塘周围及河流两岸。   防护林相同林绿化树种。  <ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/9434678/58f5b7TjeLkmjFDiAFHwQ_pCNYN70Mgnmji63F6CF3TPoq2b2Whzyo7M_4M4eezB9F2E_b6VHa-mdGOgiKCTAkdJW_32iwoCQ1kKES80pJ8e9X-aT_TOJivUPIJeuScvfYetmUaq17e73eftFvM8CkI | 植物园主题数据库，引用日期2013-05-13] </ref> 
==参考文献==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:370 植物學總論]]