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三裂葉半夏檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史

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三裂葉半夏

中文學名:半夏屬

拉丁學名:Pinellia Ten.

界:植物界

門:被子植物門

綱:單子葉植物綱

目:天南星目

科:天南星科

族:天南星族

屬:半夏屬

分布區域:東亞

分布量:世界:6種;中國:5種

引種狀況:非引種

三裂葉半夏(sān liè yè bàn xià,學名 Pinellia tripartita (Blume) Schott,異名:Arisaema tripartitum Atherurus tripartitus Pinellia tripartita var. atropurpurea )一般指半夏屬 Pinellia Tenore,是天南星科植物,全世界共有6種,分布於東亞,我國有5種,半夏、滴水珠、盾葉半夏、石蜘蛛、虎掌,南北均產,其中最重要的為半夏P. ternata(Thunb. )Breit.,塊莖入藥,能燥濕化痰,降逆止嘔,生用消癤腫,此外虎掌P. Pedatisecta Schott的塊莖亦供藥用。 [1]

半夏屬本屬描述

半夏屬是 多年生草本,具塊莖。葉和花序同時抽出。葉柄下部或上部,葉片基部常有珠芽;葉片全緣,3深裂、3全裂或鳥足狀分裂,裂片長圓橢圓形或卵狀長圓形,側脈纖細,近邊緣有集合脈3條。

花序柄單生,與葉柄等長或超過。佛焰苞宿存,管部席捲,有增厚的橫 隔膜,喉部幾乎閉合;檐部長圓形,長約為管部的2倍,舟形。

肉穗花序下部雌花序與佛焰苞合生達隔膜(在喉部),單側着花,內藏於佛焰苞管部;雄花序位於隔膜之上,圓柱形,短,附屬器延長的線狀圓錐形,超出佛焰苞很長。

漿果長圓狀卵形、略銳尖,有不規則的疣皺;胚乳豐富胚具軸

花單性,無花被,雄花有雄蕊2,雄蕊短,縱向壓扁狀,藥隔細,藥室順肉穗花序方向伸長,頂孔縱向開裂,花粉無定形。雌花:子房卵圓形,1室,1胚珠;胚珠直生或幾為半倒生,直立,珠柄短。

Atherurus tripartitus Blume, Rumphia 1: 137. 1835; Arisaema tripartitum (Blume) Engler; Pinellia tripartita var. atropurpurea Makino.

Tuber subglobose, ca. 2.5 cm in diam.; cataphylls lanceolate, to 10 cm. Leaves 2-5; petiole green, 30-35 cm; leaf blade green, 3-partite; leaflets broadly ovate to ovate-oblong; anterior leaflet ca. 15 × 4-7 cm, apex ca. 1.5 cm; lateral leaflets smaller; primary lateral veins 8-12 per side on each leaflet, forming a distinct marginal collective vein, also with 2 thinner collective veins along margin. Inflorescence solitary; peduncle to 25 cm, shorter than petioles, slender.

Spathe whitish to light green, slightly constricted, 7-9(-10) cm; tube almost closed within by a transverse septum, gaping at base, oblong to subcylindric, ca. 3.5 × 1-1.25 cm; limb gaping, boat-shaped, oblong, ca. 4 × 2.5 cm. Spadix 20-25 cm; female zone ca. 3 cm, adnate to spathe; female flowers densely arranged; pistil 1-1.2 mm; ovary ovoid, 0.9-1 mm; style distinct, 0.2-0.3 mm, attenuate; stigma subhemispheric; sterile zone between female and male zone 0.6-0.7 cm; male zone 1.8-2 cm; thecae elongate, opening by a slit; appendix long exserted from spathe, sigmoid, 15-20 cm, base ca. 3 mm in diam., smooth. Berries pale green to whitish, ovoid, 1-seeded. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 26, 52.

Dense broad-leaved forests, forest margins, roadsides. Hong Kong [Japan].

Pinellia tripartita was considered endemic to Japan for a long time; it is first reported here from Hong Kong (C. Wright 508, P).Pinellia tripartita was considered endemic to Japan for a long time; it is first reported here from Hong Kong (C. Wright 508, P).

半夏屬下級分類

本屬植物我國有5種,分別為:

滴水珠 Pinellia cordata   

石蜘蛛 Pinellia integrifolia  

虎掌Pinellia pedatisecta   

盾葉半夏 Pinellia peltata   

半夏Pinellia ternata[2]

半夏屬地理分布

本屬植物全世界共有6種,主要分布於東亞,我國有5種,南北均產 。[3]

半夏屬應用價值

半夏為著名的中藥材,其塊莖能人藥,具有燥濕化痰、降逆止嘔,用有消癤腫等功能。也可將其盆栽觀賞,此外虎掌的塊莖亦供藥用 。[4]

參考來源

  1. 三裂葉半夏, 植物智, 2020-01-18
  2. 曾宋君 余志滿 柯蕭霞編著.常見觀葉花卉:天南星科植物:中國林業出版社,2004.01:150
  3. 半夏屬 .中國科學院昆明植物研究所.2016-1-5[引用日期2012-11-23
  4. FOC >> Vol.23 (2010) >> Araceae >> Pinellia