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三裂叶半夏

中文学名:半夏属

拉丁学名:Pinellia Ten.

界:植物界

门:被子植物门

纲:单子叶植物纲

目:天南星目

科:天南星科

族:天南星族

属:半夏属

分布区域:东亚

分布量:世界:6种;中国:5种

引种状况:非引种

三裂叶半夏(sān liè yè bàn xià,学名 Pinellia tripartita (Blume) Schott,异名:Arisaema tripartitum Atherurus tripartitus Pinellia tripartita var. atropurpurea )一般指半夏属 Pinellia Tenore,是天南星科植物,全世界共有6种,分布于东亚,我国有5种,半夏、滴水珠、盾叶半夏、石蜘蛛、虎掌,南北均产,其中最重要的为半夏P. ternata(Thunb. )Breit.,块茎入药,能燥湿化痰,降逆止呕,生用消疖肿,此外虎掌P. Pedatisecta Schott的块茎亦供药用。 [1]

半夏属本属描述

半夏属是 多年生草本,具块茎。叶和花序同时抽出。叶柄下部或上部,叶片基部常有珠芽;叶片全缘,3深裂、3全裂或鸟足状分裂,裂片长圆椭圆形或卵状长圆形,侧脉纤细,近边缘有集合脉3条。

花序柄单生,与叶柄等长或超过。佛焰苞宿存,管部席卷,有增厚的横 隔膜,喉部几乎闭合;檐部长圆形,长约为管部的2倍,舟形。

肉穗花序下部雌花序与佛焰苞合生达隔膜(在喉部),单侧着花,内藏于佛焰苞管部;雄花序位于隔膜之上,圆柱形,短,附属器延长的线状圆锥形,超出佛焰苞很长。

浆果长圆状卵形、略锐尖,有不规则的疣皱;胚乳丰富胚具轴

花单性,无花被,雄花有雄蕊2,雄蕊短,纵向压扁状,药隔细,药室顺肉穗花序方向伸长,顶孔纵向开裂,花粉无定形。雌花:子房卵圆形,1室,1胚珠;胚珠直生或几为半倒生,直立,珠柄短。

Atherurus tripartitus Blume, Rumphia 1: 137. 1835; Arisaema tripartitum (Blume) Engler; Pinellia tripartita var. atropurpurea Makino.

Tuber subglobose, ca. 2.5 cm in diam.; cataphylls lanceolate, to 10 cm. Leaves 2-5; petiole green, 30-35 cm; leaf blade green, 3-partite; leaflets broadly ovate to ovate-oblong; anterior leaflet ca. 15 × 4-7 cm, apex ca. 1.5 cm; lateral leaflets smaller; primary lateral veins 8-12 per side on each leaflet, forming a distinct marginal collective vein, also with 2 thinner collective veins along margin. Inflorescence solitary; peduncle to 25 cm, shorter than petioles, slender.

Spathe whitish to light green, slightly constricted, 7-9(-10) cm; tube almost closed within by a transverse septum, gaping at base, oblong to subcylindric, ca. 3.5 × 1-1.25 cm; limb gaping, boat-shaped, oblong, ca. 4 × 2.5 cm. Spadix 20-25 cm; female zone ca. 3 cm, adnate to spathe; female flowers densely arranged; pistil 1-1.2 mm; ovary ovoid, 0.9-1 mm; style distinct, 0.2-0.3 mm, attenuate; stigma subhemispheric; sterile zone between female and male zone 0.6-0.7 cm; male zone 1.8-2 cm; thecae elongate, opening by a slit; appendix long exserted from spathe, sigmoid, 15-20 cm, base ca. 3 mm in diam., smooth. Berries pale green to whitish, ovoid, 1-seeded. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 26, 52.

Dense broad-leaved forests, forest margins, roadsides. Hong Kong [Japan].

Pinellia tripartita was considered endemic to Japan for a long time; it is first reported here from Hong Kong (C. Wright 508, P).Pinellia tripartita was considered endemic to Japan for a long time; it is first reported here from Hong Kong (C. Wright 508, P).

半夏属下级分类

本属植物我国有5种,分别为:

滴水珠 Pinellia cordata   

石蜘蛛 Pinellia integrifolia  

虎掌Pinellia pedatisecta   

盾叶半夏 Pinellia peltata   

半夏Pinellia ternata[2]

半夏属地理分布

本属植物全世界共有6种,主要分布于东亚,我国有5种,南北均产 。[3]

半夏属应用价值

半夏为著名的中药材,其块茎能人药,具有燥湿化痰、降逆止呕,用有消疖肿等功能。也可将其盆栽观赏,此外虎掌的块茎亦供药用 。[4]

参考来源

  1. 三裂叶半夏, 植物智, 2020-01-18
  2. 曾宋君 余志满 柯萧霞编著.常见观叶花卉:天南星科植物:中国林业出版社,2004.01:150
  3. 半夏属 .中国科学院昆明植物研究所.2016-1-5[引用日期2012-11-23
  4. FOC >> Vol.23 (2010) >> Araceae >> Pinellia