库叶堇菜查看源代码讨论查看历史
| 库叶堇菜 |
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中文名:库叶堇菜 拉丁学名:Viola sacchalinensis H. De Boiss. 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 目:侧膜胎座目 亚 目:山茶亚目 科:堇菜科 属:堇菜属 亚 属:堇菜亚属 组:合生托叶组 |
库叶堇菜(kù yè jǐn cài)，学名：Viola sacchalinensis H. De Boiss.，异名：Viola miranda Viola komarovii Viola mariae ，是堇菜科堇菜属的植物。多年生草本，开始无地上茎，高2-5厘米，以后逐渐抽出地上茎，高可达20余厘米。根状茎细，残存褐色鳞片状托叶。叶片心形、卵状心形或肾形，长与宽均为1-2.5厘米，先端钝圆，基部心形或宽心形，边缘具钝锯齿，两面具褐色腺点，无毛或近无毛；叶柄细，产吉林（长白山）。生于山地林下或林缘 [1]
形态特征
多年生草本，开始无地上茎，高2-5厘米，以后逐渐抽出地上茎，高可达20余厘米。根状茎细，残存褐色鳞片状托叶。叶片心形、卵状心形或肾形，长与宽均为1-2.5厘米；
先端钝圆，基部心形或宽心形，边缘具钝锯齿，两面具褐色腺点，无毛或近无毛；叶柄细，下部者长4.5厘米，上部者较短；托叶卵状披针形或狭卵形，长0.8-1厘米，宽2-4毫米；
先端渐尖，基部内侧与叶柄合生，边缘密生流苏状细齿。花淡紫色，生于茎上部叶的叶腋，具长梗；花梗超出叶，长达5.5厘米，中部以上靠近花处有2枚线形苞片；
萼片披针形，长约5毫米，先端渐尖，基部的附属物长2-3毫米，末端具齿裂，全缘，无毛；侧瓣长圆状，里面基部有须毛，下瓣连距长1.3-1.6厘米，距较短，长约3毫米，比萼片的附属物长1倍，平伸或稍向上弯；
子房无毛，常有腺点，花柱基部稍向前方膝曲，向上渐增粗，呈棍棒状，由顶部至喙端有乳头状附属物；喙呈钩状，喙端具向上倾斜且较大的柱头孔。蒴果椭圆形，先端尖，无毛。
Herbs perennial, acaulescent at first, 2-5 cm tall, later gradually caulescent, to more than 20 cm tall, glabrous. Rhizome slender, with brown remains of scalelike stipules. Stipules ovate-lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 0.8-1 cm × 2-4 mm, apex acuminate, adnate to petioles at base inside, margin densely fimbriate-denticulate; petiole slender, lower ones ca. 4.5 cm, upper ones shorter; blade cordate, ovate-cordate, or reniform, 1-2.5 × 1-2.5 cm, both surfaces with brown glandular dots, glabrous or subglabrous, base cordate or broadly cordate, margin obtusely serrate, apex obtuse.
Flowers bluish violet, long pedicellate; pedicels exceeding leaves, to 5.5 cm, with 2 opposite bracteoles near flower. Sepals lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, apex acuminate, basal auricles 2-3 mm, glabrous, margin entire, apex slightly dentate.
Upper and lateral petals obovate, throat white, lateral ones distinctly bearded, anterior one oblong, 1.3-1.6 cm (spur included), distinctly veined in throat; spur shorter, ca. 3 mm, horizontally straight or slightly curved upward.
Ovary glabrous, often with glandular dots; styles slightly geniculate forward at base, gradually thickened upward, clavate, papillose; beak hooked, with a larger stigma hole curved upward. Capsule ellipsoid, glabrous, apex acute. Fl. Apr-Jul, fr. Jun-Sep.
分类文献
Viola sacchalinensis H. de Boiss. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 57: 188. 1910. emend.; Juz. in Kom. Fl. URSS 15: 386. 1949; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. New Edit. Rev. Enlarg. 921. 1978.——V. caning Ledeb. var. kamtschatica Ging. in Linnaea. 1: 407. 1826. ——V. sylvestris Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 253. 1842. p. p.——V. sylvestris Kitaib. a. typica Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 23: 330. 1877. ——V. komarovii W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34 (2): 237. 1916 et 40 (2): 64. 1923. ——V. mutsuensis W. Beck. l. c. 34 (2): 241. 1916 et 40 (2): 50. 1923, p. p.
产地生境
产吉林（长白山）。生于山地林下或林缘。日本、朝鲜及苏联远东地区也有分布。