庫葉堇菜檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
| 庫葉堇菜 |
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中文名:庫葉堇菜 拉丁學名:Viola sacchalinensis H. De Boiss. 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:側膜胎座目 亞 目:山茶亞目 科:堇菜科 屬:堇菜屬 亞 屬:堇菜亞屬 組:合生托葉組 |
庫葉堇菜(kù yè jǐn cài)，學名：Viola sacchalinensis H. De Boiss.，異名：Viola miranda Viola komarovii Viola mariae ，是堇菜科堇菜屬的植物。多年生草本，開始無地上莖，高2-5厘米，以後逐漸抽出地上莖，高可達20餘厘米。根狀莖細，殘存褐色鱗片狀托葉。葉片心形、卵狀心形或腎形，長與寬均為1-2.5厘米，先端鈍圓，基部心形或寬心形，邊緣具鈍鋸齒，兩面具褐色腺點，無毛或近無毛；葉柄細，產吉林（長白山）。生于山地林下或林緣 [1]
形態特徵
多年生草本，開始無地上莖，高2-5厘米，以後逐漸抽出地上莖，高可達20餘厘米。根狀莖細，殘存褐色鱗片狀托葉。葉片心形、卵狀心形或腎形，長與寬均為1-2.5厘米；
先端鈍圓，基部心形或寬心形，邊緣具鈍鋸齒，兩面具褐色腺點，無毛或近無毛；葉柄細，下部者長4.5厘米，上部者較短；托葉卵狀披針形或狹卵形，長0.8-1厘米，寬2-4毫米；
先端漸尖，基部內側與葉柄合生，邊緣密生流蘇狀細齒。花淡紫色，生於莖上部葉的葉腋，具長梗；花梗超出葉，長達5.5厘米，中部以上靠近花處有2枚線形苞片；
萼片披針形，長約5毫米，先端漸尖，基部的附屬物長2-3毫米，末端具齒裂，全緣，無毛；側瓣長圓狀，裡面基部有鬚毛，下瓣連距長1.3-1.6厘米，距較短，長約3毫米，比萼片的附屬物長1倍，平伸或稍向上彎；
子房無毛，常有腺點，花柱基部稍向前方膝曲，向上漸增粗，呈棍棒狀，由頂部至喙端有乳頭狀附屬物；喙呈鈎狀，喙端具向上傾斜且較大的柱頭孔。蒴果橢圓形，先端尖，無毛。
Herbs perennial, acaulescent at first, 2-5 cm tall, later gradually caulescent, to more than 20 cm tall, glabrous. Rhizome slender, with brown remains of scalelike stipules. Stipules ovate-lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 0.8-1 cm × 2-4 mm, apex acuminate, adnate to petioles at base inside, margin densely fimbriate-denticulate; petiole slender, lower ones ca. 4.5 cm, upper ones shorter; blade cordate, ovate-cordate, or reniform, 1-2.5 × 1-2.5 cm, both surfaces with brown glandular dots, glabrous or subglabrous, base cordate or broadly cordate, margin obtusely serrate, apex obtuse.
Flowers bluish violet, long pedicellate; pedicels exceeding leaves, to 5.5 cm, with 2 opposite bracteoles near flower. Sepals lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, apex acuminate, basal auricles 2-3 mm, glabrous, margin entire, apex slightly dentate.
Upper and lateral petals obovate, throat white, lateral ones distinctly bearded, anterior one oblong, 1.3-1.6 cm (spur included), distinctly veined in throat; spur shorter, ca. 3 mm, horizontally straight or slightly curved upward.
Ovary glabrous, often with glandular dots; styles slightly geniculate forward at base, gradually thickened upward, clavate, papillose; beak hooked, with a larger stigma hole curved upward. Capsule ellipsoid, glabrous, apex acute. Fl. Apr-Jul, fr. Jun-Sep.
分類文獻
Viola sacchalinensis H. de Boiss. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 57: 188. 1910. emend.; Juz. in Kom. Fl. URSS 15: 386. 1949; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. New Edit. Rev. Enlarg. 921. 1978.——V. caning Ledeb. var. kamtschatica Ging. in Linnaea. 1: 407. 1826. ——V. sylvestris Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 253. 1842. p. p.——V. sylvestris Kitaib. a. typica Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 23: 330. 1877. ——V. komarovii W. Beck. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34 (2): 237. 1916 et 40 (2): 64. 1923. ——V. mutsuensis W. Beck. l. c. 34 (2): 241. 1916 et 40 (2): 50. 1923, p. p.
產地生境
產吉林（長白山）。生于山地林下或林緣。日本、朝鮮及蘇聯遠東地區也有分布。