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短柄乌蔹莓

中文名:短柄乌蔹莓

界:植物界

门:被子植物门

纲:木兰纲

目:鼠李目

科:葡萄科

短柄乌蔹莓(duǎn bǐng wū liǎn méi,学名 Cayratia cardiospermoides (Planch.) Gagnep.,异名:Ampelopsis cardiospermoides 草质藤本。小枝圆柱形,有纵棱纹,嫩时疏生短柔毛,以后脱落无毛。花序为复二歧聚伞花序;花序疏生乳突状毛;花蕾近圆形;花瓣外面被乳突状毛。果实近球形,有种子2-3颗;种子倒卵圆形,顶端圆形或微凹,基部有短喙。主要分布在四川云南[1]

短柄乌蔹莓形态特征

卷须不分枝,相隔2节间断与叶对生。

叶为鸟足状3-5-7-9小叶,小叶不裂或3深裂,裂片或小叶条状披针形、倒卵长椭圆形或椭圆形,中央小叶长3-8厘米,宽0.5-4厘米,顶端渐尖、急尖或钝,基部楔形,侧生小叶长1-5厘米,宽0.5-3厘米,顶端钝或圆形,基部阔楔形,边缘每侧有4-9个圆锯齿,上面绿色,无毛,下面浅绿色,脉上被短柔毛,以后脱落几无毛;

侧脉4-7对,网脉不明显,无毛;叶柄长0.3-1.5厘米,中央小叶柄长0.5-2厘米,侧生小叶总柄长0.3-0.6厘米,侧生小叶几无柄,嫩时被疏柔毛,以后脱落几无毛;

托叶膜质,褐色,卵形,长1.5-2毫米,宽1-1.5毫米,顶端急尖,无毛。花序为复二歧聚伞花序,腋生;花序梗长1-3毫米,疏生乳突状毛;花蕾近圆形,高1.5-2毫米,顶端圆形;

萼浅碟形,边缘波状或小齿状浅裂,外面被乳突状毛;花瓣4,卵圆形,高1.3-1.8毫米,外面被乳突状毛;雄蕊4,花药卵圆形,长宽近相等;花盘发达,4浅裂;子房下部与花盘合生,花柱短,柱头不明显扩大。

果实近球形,直径0.8-1厘米,有种子2-3颗;种子倒卵圆形,顶端圆形或微凹,基部有短喙,种脐在种子背面中部呈椭圆形,两侧有突出的横肋,横肋钝,上部种脊突出,腹部中棱脊明显,两侧洼穴呈沟状,从基部向上微斜展,达种子顶端1/4。

花期7月,果期8-9月。[2]

分类

Cayratia cardiospermoides (Planch.) Gagnep. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 1: 348. 1911; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 683. 1933; W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17 (3): 92. 1979 in clavi; 云南种子植物名录上册792. 1984.——Ampelopsis cardiospermoides Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 459. 1887; Franch. Pl. Delav. 140. 1890.——Vitis cardiospermoides Franch. Pl. Delav. 140. 1890 in syn

英文介绍

Ampelopsis cardiospermoides Planchon ex Franchet, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 460. 1886.

Vines, herbaceous. Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges, sparsely pubescent when young, then glabrescent; tendrils unbranched. Leaves pedately 3-9-foliolate; stipules brownish, oval, 1.5-2 × 1-1.5 mm, membranous, glabrous, apex acute; petiole short, 0.3-1.5 cm; central petiolule 0.5-2 cm, petiolules of lateral leaflet complex 3-6 mm, lateral leaflets nearly sessile, sparsely pubescent when young, then glabrescent; leaflets undivided or deeply 3-parted, abaxially pubescent on veins, then glabrescent, lateral veins 4-7 pairs, veinlets inconspicuous; lobes or leaflets lanceolate, obovate-elliptic, or elliptic; central leaflet 3-8 × 0.5-4 cm, base cuneate, apex acuminate, acute, or obtuse; lateral leaflets 1-5 × 0.5-3 cm, base broadly cuneate, margin with 4-9 rounded teeth on each side, apex obtuse or rounded. Compound dichasium axillary; peduncle 1-3 cm, with sparse papillose hairs. Buds suborbicular, 1.5-2 mm, apex rounded. Calyx shallow and saucer-shaped, papillose, margin undulate or slightly dentate. Petals oval, 1.3-1.8 mm, with papillose hairs. Anthers oval, nearly as long as wide. Lower part of ovary adnate to disk. Berry globose, 8-10 mm in diam., 2- or 3-seeded. Seeds obovoid, base rostrate, apex rounded or retuse, chalazal knot elliptic at middle on back, upper raphe raised, transverse and obtuse ribs raised, ventral mid-raphe raised, ventral holes groovelike, from base upward to 1/4. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug-Sep.

● Shrublands, grassy areas of hillsides, meadows; 1600-2100 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.

短柄乌蔹莓生长环境

主要生长在海拔1600-2100米的山坡灌丛、草地。

短柄乌蔹莓分布范围

主要分布在四川云南。模式标本采自云南宾川大坪子。 [3]

参考来源

  1. 短柄乌蔹莓, 植物智, 2020-01-18
  2. 《中国植物志》 第48(2)卷 (1998) >> 085页 PDF >> 短柄乌蔹莓 Cayratia cardiospermoides
  3. 短柄乌蔹莓翻译_短柄乌蔹莓英语怎么说_海词词典 海词词典,最权威的学习词典,专业出版短柄乌蔹莓的英文,短柄乌蔹莓翻译,短柄乌蔹莓英语怎么说等详细讲解。海词词典:学习变容易,记忆很深刻。