寬葉大戟
寬葉大戟 |
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中文名:寬葉大戟 拉丁學名:Euphorbia latifolia Meyer ex Ledeb. 界:植物界 目:金虎尾目 科:大戟科 屬:大戟屬 |
寬葉大戟(kuān yè dà jǐ),學名:Euphorbia latifolia Meyer ex Ledeb.,是大戟科大戟屬的植物。分布在俄羅斯、中亞、西西伯利亞以及中國大陸的新疆等地,生長於海拔1,000米至1,500米的地區,多生於林緣、河谷、草甸以及灌叢,目前已由人工引種栽培。 [1]
目錄
寬葉大戟形態特徵
多年生草本。根圓柱狀,長15-30厘米,直徑4-6毫米,褐色。莖單一或數個發自基部,高60-100厘米,直徑5-7毫米,光滑無毛,中部以上多分枝。
葉互生,橢圓形,長4-6.5厘米,寬2-3厘米,先端圓,基部近圓或略呈楔形,全緣;主脈於葉背隆起;側脈11-15對;近無柄;總苞葉6-10枚,與莖生葉同形,但通常略小;
傘幅6-10枚,長3-5厘米;苞葉2,卵圓形,三角狀卵形或半圓形,長1-1.5厘米,寬1-2厘米,先端圓或近圓形,基部近平截。
花序單生於二歧分枝的頂端,基部具短柄;總苞鍾狀,高2.0-2.5毫米,直徑1.5-2.0 毫米,無毛,邊緣5裂,裂片卵狀三角形,內側被柔毛;腺體4,新月形,先端具兩個鈍角,淡褐色或褐色。
雄花多數,苞片線形,多少撕裂;雌花1枚,子房柄伸出總苞之外;子房光滑,無毛;花柱3,分離;柱頭2裂。
蒴果卵球狀,具3個縱溝,長4.0-4.5毫米,直徑約4毫米,花柱宿存;成熟時分裂為3個分果爿。種子卵狀,長2.5-3.0 毫米,直徑1.5-2.0毫米,棕褐色,種阜肉色,無柄。花果期5-9月。
Herbs, perennial, erect, (30-)60-90(-100) cm tall, pale green. Root terete, brown, 15-30 cm × 5-7 mm thick. Stems single or few branched basally, 5-7 mm thick, upper parts many branched, smooth and glabrous; sterile stems present. Leaves alternate; stipules absent; basal scale-leaves many; petiole almost absent; leaf blade broadly elliptic, (2-)4-6.5 × (1-)2-3 cm, base subrounded or cuneate, margin entire [or crenulose at apex], apex rounded; midrib prominent abaxially, lateral veins 11-15 pairs; leaves on sterile branches petiolate, linear-spatulate, 2-4.5 × 0.7-1.5 cm.
Inflorescence a terminal pseudumbel, usually also with slender, long pedunculate dichasial cymes from subterminal axils; primary involucral leaves 6-10(-17), similar to normal leaves but smaller, primary rays 6-10(-16), 3-5 cm; cymes twice-forked; cyathophylls 2, ovate-rounded, triangular-ovate, or rounded, 1-1.5 × 1-2 cm, base subtruncate, apex rounded or subrounded.
Cyathium stipe short; involucre campanulate, 2-2.5 × 1.5-2 mm, glabrous, lobes ovate-triangular, pilose inside; glands 4, pale brown or brown, crescent-shaped, apex 2-horned, horns obtuse. Bracteoles linear, lacerate. Male flowers many. Female flower: ovary exserted from cup, smooth, glabrous; styles free, persistent; style arms 2-lobed. Capsule ovoid-globose, 4-4.5 × ca. 4 mm, with 3 vertical furrows. Seeds ovoid, 2.5-3 × 1.5-2 mm, yellow-brown; caruncle present, sessile. Fl. and fr. May-Sep.
分類文獻
Euphorbia latifolia Meyer ex Ledeb. Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. 2: 25, 1830; Meyer, Fl. Alt. 41 183. 1833; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 15 (2): 161. 1862; Prokh. in Kom. Fl. URSS 14: 426. 1949; Gamajun. in Pavl. on. KaaaxC7. 6: 94. t. 13, 1. 1963; 新疆植物檢索表3: 258. 1983; J. S. Ma & C. Y. Wu in Collect. Bot. 21: 118. 1992.
辨析
本種與乳漿大戟E. esula相似,但植株高大,葉橢圓形,花序基部具柄,腺體兩角鈍,種子棕褐色以及種阜肉色,易於區別。
寬葉大戟生長環境
生於海拔1000--1500米河谷、草甸、林緣及灌叢。
寬葉大戟分布範圍
產於新疆(伊犁、塔城至哈巴河)。分布於中亞和俄羅斯的西西伯利亞。