小葉葡萄
小葉葡萄 |
界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 目:管花目 科:葡萄科 屬:葡萄屬 種:小葉葡萄 |
小葉葡萄(xiǎo yè pú táo,學名 Vitis sinocinerea W. T. Wang,異名:Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana Vitis thunbergii var. cinerea Vitis sino-cinerea ),木質藤本。小枝圓柱形,有縱棱紋,疏被短柔毛和稀疏蛛絲狀絨毛。卷鬚不分枝或2叉分枝每隔2節間斷與葉對生。產江蘇、浙江、福建、江西、湖北、湖南、台灣、雲南。 [1]
目錄
小葉葡萄形態特徵
木質藤本。小枝圓柱形,有縱棱紋,疏被短柔毛和稀疏蛛絲狀絨毛。卷鬚不分枝或2叉分枝每隔2節間斷與葉對生。
葉卵圓形,長3-8厘米,寬3-6厘米,三淺裂或不明顯分裂,頂端急尖,基部淺心形或近截形,邊緣每側有5-9個鋸齒,上面綠色,密被短柔毛或脫落幾無毛,下面密被淡褐色蛛絲狀絨毛;
基生脈5出,中脈有側脈3-4對,脈上密被短柔毛和疏生蛛絲狀的絨毛;葉柄長1-3厘米,密被短柔毛;托葉膜質,褐色,卵披針形,長約2毫米,寬約1毫米,頂端鈍或漸尖,幾無毛。
圓錐花序小,狹窄,長3-6厘米,與葉對生,基部分枝不發達,花序梗長1.5-2厘米,被短柔毛;花梗長1.5-2毫米,幾無毛;花蕾倒卵狀橢圓形,高1.5-2毫米,頂端圓形;
萼碟形,邊緣幾全緣,無毛;花瓣5,呈帽狀粘合脫落;雄蕊5,花絲絲狀,長約1毫米,花葯黃色,橢圓形,長約0.5毫米;花盤發達,5裂。
雌蕊在雄花內退化。果實成熟時紫褐色,直徑0.6-1厘米;種子倒卵圓形,頂端微凹,基部有短喙,種臍在種子背面中部呈橢圓形,腹面中棱脊突起,兩側窪穴呈溝狀,向上達頂端的1/4-1/3處。
花期4-6月,果期7-10月。 [2]
分類
Vitis sinocinerea W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17 (3) : 76 & 86. f. 1: 2. 1979; 福建植物志3: 368.圖257. 1988.——V. thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc. var. cinerea Gagnep. in Sarg. Pl. Wails. 1: 105. 1911. ——V. thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc. var. taiwaniana Lu, 台灣植物志3: 679. pl. 773. 1977. ——V. thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc var. adstricta auct. non (Hance) Gagnep. (1911) : Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan. 531. f. 205. 1963. excl. syn.
英文介紹
Vitis thunbergii Siebold & Zuccarini var. cinerea Gagnepain; V. thunbergii var. taiwaniana F. Y. Lu.
Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges, sparsely pubescent with arachnoid tomentum; tendrils unbranched or bifurcate. Leaves simple, 3-lobed or inconspicuously divided; stipules brownish, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 2 × 1 mm, membranous, subglabrate, apex obtuse or acuminate; petiole 1-3 cm, densely pubescent; leaf blade oval, 3-8 × 3-6 cm, abaxially with dense brown and arachnoid tomentum, adaxially densely pubescent or glabrescent, basal veins 5, lateral veins 3 or 4 pairs, veins densely pubescent and sparsely lanate, base subcordate or subtruncate, margin 5-9-toothed on each side, apex acute. Panicle leaf-opposed, small, 3-6 cm, slender, basal branches undeveloped; peduncle 1.5-2 cm, densely pubescent. Pedicels 1.5-2 mm, subglabrate. Buds obovoid-elliptic, 1.5-2 mm, apex rounded. Calyx cupular, glabrous, subentire. Petals calyptrate. Filaments filiform, ca. 1 mm; anthers yellow, oblong, ca. 0.5 mm. Pistil abortive in male flowers. Berry purple-black at maturity, 6-10 mm in diam. Seeds obovoid, apex retuse, chalazal knot elliptic, ventral holes furrowed upward 1/4-1/3 from base. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Oct.
● Forests, shrublands, hillsides; 200-2800 m. Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
小葉葡萄生長環境
生山坡林中或灌叢,海拔220-2800米。[3]