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{{Infobox person
| name = <h4 style="background:#0088dd; color:#ffffff; margin-top:0em; padding:10px 0;">路易·巴斯德 </h4>
| image = <img src="http://img.technews.tw/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Louis_Pasteur_by_Pierre_Lamy_Petit.jpg" width="250" ><br> <br>[http://technews.tw/2013/07/30/pasteur_rabies_and_molecular_biology/ 圖片來源科技新報]
| image_size =
| caption =
| quotation = 机遇只偏爱那些有准备的头脑的人。
| birth_date = {{birth date|1822|12|27|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[法国]][[汝拉省]][[多尔 (汝拉省)|多尔]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1895|9|28|1822|12|27|mf=y}}
| death_place = 法国[[上塞纳省]][[马尔纳拉科屈埃特]]
| residence = 法国
| nationality = 法国
| fields = [[化学]]<br>[[微生物学]]
| workplaces = [[第戎大学]]<br>[[斯特拉斯堡大学]]<br>{{Link-en|里尔科技大学|Lille University of Science and Technology}}<br>[[高等师范学校(巴黎)|巴黎高等师范学校]]
| alma_mater = [[高等师范学校(巴黎)|巴黎高等师范学校]]
| notable_students = [[查尔斯·弗里德尔]]<ref>Asimov, ''[[Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology]]'' 2nd Revised edition</ref>
| prizes = [[科普利獎章]](1874年)
| signature =
}}
''' 路易·巴斯德'''({{lang-fr|'''Louis PasteurLouis Pasteur, foto av Paul Nadar.jpg'''}},{{bd|1822 的路易·巴斯德出生 1822年12 |12 月27日 法國汝拉省多爾逝世 |1895 年9 年|9 月28日 (72歲) 法國上塞納省馬爾納拉科屈埃特居住地 法國國籍 法國母校 巴黎高等師範學校獎項 科普利獎章(1874)列文虎克獎章(1895)科學生涯研究領域 化學微生物學機構 第戎大學斯特拉斯堡大學里爾科技大學巴黎高等師範學校著名學生 查爾斯·弗里德爾簽名|catIdx=Pasteur, Louis Pasteur Signature.svg路易·巴斯德(法語:Louis Pasteur,1822年12月27日-1895年9月28日 }} ), [[ 国]][[ 微生物 学]][[ ]] 家、 [[ ]] [[ 微生物 学]] 的奠基人之一 。他 借生源說 否定 [[ 自然 说]] (自生 导[[ 疾病 學說 学说]] -{zh-hans:胚种学说; zh-hant: 菌原論 ;}- 以及發 和发 防接 方法而 名,為第一個創造 [[ 狂犬病 ]] [[ 炭疽 ]]的[[ 疫苗 ]] [[ 科學家 ]]。 被世人 稱頌為 称颂为 「進 “进 入科 的最完美 缺的人 ”<ref name=dubos>{{cite book|author=Rene J. Dubos|title=Louis Pasteur Free Lance Of Science|year=1950|publisher=Little, Brown And Company.|location=Boston|pages=24|url=http://www.archive.org/details/louispasteurfree009068mbp}}</ref> 。他和 {{link-en|费 迪南德·科恩 |Ferdinand Cohn}} 以及 [[罗 伯特·科赫 ]] 一起 開創 开创 [[细 学]] ,被 認為 认为 [[ 微生物 学]] 的奠基者之一 <ref name=kepu>{{cite web|title=微生物学的奠基人——伟大的巴斯德|url=http://www.kepu.net.cn/gb/lives/microbe/microbe_development/200310170052.html|publisher=中国科普博览|accessdate=2013-10-16}}</ref> ,常被稱 為「 为“ 微生物學之父 <ref name="catholic intro">{{CathEncy| wstitle =Louis Pasteur| author = James J. Walsh}}</ref><ref name=fein>{{cite book|author= Feinstein S|title= Louis Pasteur: The Father of Microbiology |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=0mwwzIdiuhkC&printsec|year= 2008|pages= 1-128|publisher= Enslow Publishers, Inc.|ISBN =9781598450781}}</ref><ref name=van>{{cite book|author= Vander Hook S|title= Louis Pasteur: Groundbreaking Chemist & Biologist |url= http://books.google.co.in/books?id=D74c6On7eUoC&printsec|year=2011 |pages=1-112 |publisher= ABDO Publishing Company|location=Minnesota, US|ISBN =9781617589416}}</ref>
2005年,法 國國 国国 家二台 行了 “[[ 大的法 ]]” 評選 评选 果巴斯德名列第二位, 于[[ ·戴高 乐]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/actualites/20050405.OBS3037/?xtmc=&xtcr=1 |title=De Gaulle plus grand Français de tous les temps - Culture - Nouvelobs.com |publisher=Tempsreel.nouvelobs.com |date= |accessdate=2011-11-05}}</ref>。 == 生平 ==巴斯德于1822年生于法国[[汝拉省]]的一个小镇[[多尔 (汝拉省)|多尔]]。他父親是[[拿破崙]]軍骑兵队的一名退伍軍人,後成為皮鞋匠,家境並不富裕。巴斯德出生2月后,他们家就搬迁到[[阿尔布瓦]]<ref name="catholic intro">{{CathEncy| wstitle =Louis Pasteur| author = James J. Walsh}}</ref>。他在1839年-1842年在[[贝桑松皇家学院]]学习,并开始对科学感兴趣。由于对科学的兴趣,巴斯德从1843年-1846年在[[高等师范学校(巴黎)|巴黎高等师范学校]]学习,1845年获硕士学位,1847年获博士学位毕业。他于1848年开始任[[第戎大学]]物理学教授,后在1849年转至[[斯特拉斯堡大学]]理学院任化学教授<ref name="中国大百科全书">{{cite encyclopedia |author=陆师义 |title=巴斯德,L. |encyclopedia=[[中国大百科全书]]·生物学 |volume=I |year=1991 |publisher=中国大百科全书出版社 |location=北京| isbn=9787500003380 |url=http://art.tze.cn/Refbook/entry.aspx?bi=m.20080213-m300-w001-020&ei=5EE15FC2740914DF4051EEFCC1055ACA3B24CCE53D93AF9111B38EC975A79B28349642BA732898C6&bv=1&cult=CN}}</ref>。在那里,巴斯德遇到了他的妻子并于1849年5月29日結婚。巴斯德共有过5個子女中,只有兩個活到成年,而其餘三個死於[[傷寒]],此事激發了他去研究治癒各種[[传染病]]的方法。<ref name="catholic intro"/><ref name=past>{{cite web| author= Pasteur Brewing|title= Louis Pasteur Timeline: The Life of Louis Pasteur|date= | url= http://www.pasteurbrewing.com/general/timeline/the-life-of-louis-pasteur-a-chronology.html |work=pasteurbrewing.com |publisher= |accessdate= 2013-07-03}}</ref>他在1868年首次[[中風]],1887年再次中風。1895年9月28日卒於巴黎,享壽72歲。<ref name=liao>{{cite web |author=廖俊林 |title=人類抗病毒史話(4)免疫學的豐碑 巴斯德 |url=http://big5.gmw.cn/g2b/cm.health.gmw.cn/2012-08/20/content_4833587_2.htm |publisher=光明网 |date=2012-08-20 |accessdate=2013-10-16}}</ref> == 研究经历 ==巴斯德于1854年-1857年任[[里尔科技大学]]理学院院长和化学教授,1857年-1867年任巴黎高师的主管行政管理和科学研究的主任,于1862年被选为[[法国科学院]]院士,1863年-1867年兼任[[巴黎美术学校]]教授,1867年-1874年任[[巴黎大学]]化学教授,1869年成为[[英国皇家学会]]会员,1867年-1888年任高等师范学校生理化学实验室主任,1882年被选为[[法兰西学院 (机构)|法兰西学院]]院士,1887年被选为法国科学院永久秘书,1888年-1895年任[[巴斯德研究所]]所长。1892年,巴黎大学为庆祝巴斯德70寿辰举行了盛大的国际性庆典。<ref name="中国大百科全书"/> == 研究贡献 ===== 分子不对称性 ===早期的巴斯德是一名化學家,还在大学时代,巴斯德便开始了对化学结晶体形态和结构的研究。当时,人们发现从生物合成的酒石酸会令[[偏振光|平面偏振光]][[右旋]]的,但是[[化学合成]]得到的酒石酸(异酒石酸)却没有[[旋光性]],但是化学分析表明,这两种途径得到的酒石酸的化学反应和元素构成都是一模一样的。通过[[显微镜]]的观察,他发现化学合成的异酒石酸里实际上包含了两种晶体。一种就是常见的右旋的酒石酸,另一种则是左旋的。[[外消旋体|两种晶体的混合]]后,使得旋光性消失。巴斯德在1848年发表了他的发现<ref>L. Pasteur (1848) "Mémoire sur la relation qui peut exister entre la forme cristalline et la composition chimique, et sur la cause de la polarisation rotatoire" (Memoir on the relationship which can exist between crystalline form and chemical composition, and on the cause of rotary polarization)," ''Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences'' (Paris), vol. 26, pages 535-538.</ref><ref>L. Pasteur (1848) [http://books.google.com/books?id=gJ45AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA442&lpg=PA442#v=onepage&q&f=false "Sur les relations qui peuvent exister entre la forme cristalline, la composition chimique et le sens de la polarisation rotatoire"] (On the relations that can exist between crystalline form, and chemical composition, and the sense of rotary polarization), ''Annales de Chimie et de Physique'', 3rd series, vol. 24, no. 6, pages 442-459.</ref>。这一发现证实了[[旋光异构体]]的设想,对[[结构化学]]的发展具有重要影响。<ref>George B. Kauffman and Robin D. Myers (1998)[http://192.129.24.144/licensed_materials/00897/papers/0003006/36kau897.pdf "Pasteur's resolution of racemic acid: A sesquicentennial retrospect and a new translation,"] ''The Chemical Educator'', vol. 3, no. 6, pages (?).</ref><ref>H. D. Flack (2009) [http://crystal.flack.ch/sh5092.pdf "Louis Pasteur's discovery of molecular chirality and spontaneous resolution in 1848, together with a complete review of his crystallographic and chemical work,"] ''Acta Crystallographica'', Section A, vol. 65, pages 371-389.</ref><ref name=Gal>Joseph Gal: ''Louis Pasteur, Language, and Molecular Chirality. I. Background and Dissymmetry'', Chirality ''23'' ('''2011''') 1−16.</ref><ref name=xie_ch24>解增泽(1998),[http://shuku.net/novels/zatan/kexuenan/kexuenan24.html 第二十四章 微生物猎人——屡遭挫折的生物学家巴斯德]</ref><ref name=lu>卢良恕(1990),[http://61.189.240.78/res/seniorbio/teach/e_book/029/009.htm 微生物学之父——巴斯德]</ref>巴斯德以后又提出了[[分子不对称性理论]],开创了[[立体化学]]研究的途径。他还发现生物体对这两种不对称性的晶体具有明显的选择性。 === 发酵的细菌理论 ===法国的[[葡萄酒]]业非常有名,但是久置的啤酒和葡萄酒会变酸。[[里尔]]酿酒商向巴斯德请教如何防止让酒变酸。巴斯德首先研究了酒的发酵过程。他发现发酵是因为[[微生物]]([[酵母菌]])的增长造成的。酒变酸和发酵类似,不过是由不同的微生物引起的。巴斯德的发现改变了以往认为微生物是发酵的产物,发酵是一个纯粹的化学变化过程的错误观点。同时,巴斯德通过大量实验提出:环境、温度、pH值和基质的成分等因素的改变,以及有毒物质都以特有的方式影响着不同的微生物。他随后创立了“[[巴斯德消毒法]]”(60~65摄氏度作短时间加热处理,杀死有害微生物的一种消毒法)并应用在各种食物和饮料上。<ref name="中国大百科全书"/><ref name=lu/> 1862年,巴斯德經多次實驗,終於以{{Link-en|鹅颈瓶|swan neck duct}}進行實驗,證明煮沸的肉湯內,不會增長細菌;因此否定認為「生物隨時可由非生物發生」的[[自然發生說]](無生源論、自生論)。他提出「一切生物來自生物」的結論(即生源論)。<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cctcc.org/DigitalMuseum/news_show.php?newsid=23 | title=確定生源論的實驗-微生物歷史-微生物著名實驗-微生物數字博物館 |publisher=[[中国典型培养物保藏中心]] | accessdate=2013-08-23}}</ref> === 免疫学和疫苗 ===除了發現防止紅酒變酸的方法之外,巴斯德也找到了導致蠶生病的原因。他的研究成果捍衛法國在絲織產業與時尚工業的優勢地位,這又是一樁足以令全法國人向他致敬的傑出成就。他接着將研究範圍拓展到家禽、家畜與人類疾病作用的方式,更透過研究疫苗證實其功效。巴斯德提出了预防接种措施,认为传染病的微生物在特殊的培养之下可以减轻毒力,变成防病的疫苗。他于1881年著手研究狂犬病,1885年以減毒的方式(the method for attenuatio of virulent microorganisms)研製出減毒狂犬病疫苗,巴斯德的名聲引來大西洋彼岸的求助,當時美國新澤西幾名男童遭到感染狂犬病的犬隻攻擊,性命垂危。這起新聞引起美國民眾的重視,自發集資協助這幾名男童跨越大西洋至巴黎,尋求巴斯德的救助,而巴斯德也不負眾望,利用他研究出的狂犬病疫苗,在同年7月6日治療一受狂犬咬傷的9歲兒童[[:en:Joseph Meister|Joseph Meister]]。<ref name="中国大百科全书"/>至此,巴斯德已經是跨越歐陸國界及大西洋隔閡的知識英雄。 ==信仰和灵性==天主教的观察者经常说巴斯德一生都是虔诚的[[基督徒]]。巴斯德的女婿在他为巴斯德所写的传记中也写过:{{quote|他完全相信上帝和永恒,深信今世赋予我们从善的力量将一直持续至来世,这种感情贯穿在巴斯德的整个生活当中。他念念不忘《新约》的福音所阐明的德行教条。就在自己生命的最后几周里,巴斯德对先人的宗教仪式充满了敬意。他朴素而自然的以这种仪式作精神支柱。<ref name=VR>{{cite book |author=(法)R.瓦莱里-拉多 |title=微生物学的奠基人:巴斯德|year=1985 |publisher=商务印书馆 |pages=488 |url=http://book.ln.chaoxing.com/ebook/detail_10720429.html}}</ref>}} {{Link-fr|莫里斯·瓦莱里-拉多|Maurice Vallery-Radot}}是巴斯德女婿兄弟的外孙,也是天主教徒。他也坚持巴斯德深信天主教。<ref>{{Cite book| last = Vallery-Radot| first = Maurice | title = Pasteur| publisher = Perrin| year = 1994| location = Paris| pages = 377–407}}</ref>有一个被巴斯德·瓦莱里-拉多和莫里斯·瓦莱里-拉多证明是假的所谓巴斯德的话:<ref>Pasteur Vallery-Radot, Letter to Paul Dupuy, 1939, quoted by Hilaire Cuny, ''Pasteur et le mystère de la vie'', Paris, Seghers, 1963, p. 53–54.</ref>"The more I know, the more nearly is my faith that of the Breton peasant. Could I but know all I would have the faith of a Breton peasant's wife".<ref name="catholic intro"/>根据莫里斯·瓦莱里-拉多,<ref>''Pasteur'', 1994, p. 378.</ref>这个错误的传言最早是在巴斯德时候不久出现的 <ref>In Pasteur's ''Semaine religieuse .... du diocèse de Versailles'', October 6, 1895, p. 153.</ref> 但巴斯德的外孙{{Link-en|路易斯·巴斯德·瓦莱里-拉多|Louis Pasteur Vallery-Radot}}说,巴斯德仅仅相信[[天主教]]中的灵性,但没有参加过日常的宗教活动,<ref>Pasteur Vallery-Radot, Letter to Paul Dupuy, 1939, quoted by Hilaire Cuny, ''Pasteur et le mystère de la vie'', Paris, Seghers, 1963, p. 53–54. Patrice Pinet, ''Pasteur et la philosophie'', Paris, 2005, p. 134–135, quotes analogous assertions of Pasteur Vallery-Radot, with references to Pasteur Vallery-Radot, ''Pasteur inconnu'', p. 232, and André George, ''Pasteur'', Paris, 1958, p. 187. According to Maurice Vallery-Radot (''Pasteur'', 1994, p. 378), the false quotation appeared for the first time in the ''Semaine religieuse .... du diocèse de Versailles'', October 6, 1895, p. 153, shortly after the death of Pasteur.</ref>尽管巴斯德信仰上帝,一般说,他的观点更接近自由思想家而不是天主教,他表现更多地是灵性的而不是宗教的。<ref>{{cite book|title=A Biographical Dictionary of Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Freethinkers|year=1945|publisher=Haldeman-Julius Publications|url=http://www.infidels.org/library/historical/joseph_mccabe/dictionary.html|author=Joseph McCabe|accessdate=11 August 2012|quote=The anonymous Catholic author quotes as his authority the standard biography by Vallery-Radot, yet this describes Pasteur as a freethinker; and this is confirmed in the preface to the English translation by Sir W. Osler, who knew Pasteur personally. Vallery-Radot was himself a Catholic yet admits that Pasteur believed only in "an Infinite" and "hoped" for a future life. Pasteur publicly stated this himself in his Academy speech in 1822 (in V.R.). He said: "The idea of God is a form of the idea of the Infinite whether it is called Brahma, Allah, Jehova, or Jesus." The biographer says that in his last days he turned to the Church but the only "evidence" he gives is that he liked to read the life of St. Vincent de Paul, and he admits that he did not receive the sacraments at death. Relatives put rosary beads in his hands, and the Catholic Encyclopedia claims him as a Catholic in virtue of the fact and of an anonymous and inconclusive statement about him. Wheeler says in his Dictionary of Freethinkers that in his prime Pasteur was Vice-President of the British Secular (Atheist) Union; and Wheeler was the chief Secularist writer of the time. The evidence is overwhelming. Yet the Catholic scientist Sir Bertram Windle assures his readers that "no person who knows anything about him can doubt the sincerity of his attachment to the Catholic Church," and all Catholic writers use much the same scandalous language.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Louis Pasteur|year=2000|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=9780801865299|author=Patrice Debré|page=176|quote=Does this mean that Pasteur was bound to a religious ideal? His attitude was that of a believer, not of a sectarian. One of his most brilliant disciples, Elie Metchnikoff, was to attest that he spoke of religion only in general terms. In fact, Pasteur evaded the question by claiming quite simply that religion has no more place in science than science has in religion. ...A biologist more than a chemist, a spiritual more than a religious man, Pasteur was held back only by the lack of more powerful technical means and therefore had to limit himself to identifying germs and explaining their generation.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Louis Pasteur: A Religious Man?|url=http://www.pasteurbrewing.com/Articles/life-of-pasteur/louis-pasteur-a-religious-man.html|publisher=Pasteur Brewing|accessdate=11 August 2012|author=Brendon Barnett|date=May 31, 2011|quote=However, unlike many others, Pasteur asserted the preeminence of hypotheses over religious or metaphysical prejudices and always seemed willing to abandon theories that were outdated or useless in practicality. Pasteur often saw religion as a hinderance to scientific progress. In 1874, presiding over the award ceremony at the Collège of Arbois, he clearly stated his position: "I know that the word free thinker is written somewhere within our walls as a challenge and an affront. Do you know what most of the free thinkers want? Some want the freedom not to think at all and to be fettered by ignorance; others want the freedom to think badly; and others still, the freedom to be dominated by what is suggested to them by instinct and to despise all authority and all tradition. Freedom of thought in the Cartesian sense, freedom to work hard, freedom to pursue research, the right to arrive at such truth as is accessible to evidence and to conform one's conduct to these exigencies--oh! let us vow a cult to this freedom; for this is what has created modern society in its highest and most fruitful aspects." Pasteur had great respect for the unknown and the infinite, but did not allow himself to become a victim of superstition and fanatical religious explanations.}}</ref>巴斯德也反对将科学和宗教混在一起。<ref>{{cite web|title=Louis Pasteur: A Religious Man?|url=http://www.pasteurbrewing.com/Articles/life-of-pasteur/louis-pasteur-a-religious-man.html|publisher=Pasteur Brewing|accessdate=11 August 2012|author=Brendon Barnett|date=May 31, 2011|quote=Louis Pasteur did not deny religion, but was compelled to say that, "religion has no more place in science than science has in religion." The role of religion in his mind was clear: "In each one of us there are two men, the scientist and the man of faith or of doubt. These two spheres are separate, and woe to those who want to make them encroach upon one another in the present state of our knowledge!"}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Louis Pasteur|year=2000|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=9780801865299|author=Patrice Debré|page=176}}</ref> ==对巴斯德的指控==1995年,在巴斯德逝世百年纪念之际,美国[[普林斯顿大学]][[科学史]]教授{{Link-en|拉尔德·盖森|Gerald L. Geison}}出版了《巴斯德的隐秘科学》(The Private Science of Louis Pasteur)一书。书中声称,巴斯德这位“最完美无缺的科学家”有欺骗行为,巴斯德的实验记录有的不符合他公开的说法,并且他还从事了违反医学伦理的试验。<ref>{{cite book|author=Gerald Geison|title=The Private Science of Louis Pasteur|year=1995|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=0-691-01552-X}}</ref>《[[纽约时报]]》立刻报道了该书的出版。<ref>{{cite news|author=Lewis Wolpert|title=Experiments in Deceit|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/07/books/experiments-in-deceit.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|accessdate=2013-10-17|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1995-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=LAWRENCE K. ALTMAN|title=THE DOCTOR'S WORLD; Revisionist History Sees Pasteur As Liar Who Stole Rival's Ideas|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/16/science/doctor-s-world-revisionist-history-sees-pasteur-liar-who-stole-rival-s-ideas.html|accessdate=2013-10-17|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1995-05-16}}</ref>1962年[[诺贝尔化学奖]]得主[[马克斯·佩鲁茨|佩鲁茨]]在《[[纽约书评]]》上发布文章《为先驱辩护》进行详细的反驳。<ref name=perutz>{{cite journal |author=M.F. Perutz |title=The Pioneer Defended |journal=New York Review of Books |date=December 21 |year=1995 |url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1995/dec/21/the-pioneer-defended/ |accessdate=2013-10-17}}</ref>此后,相关争论一直不断。<ref>{{cite journal |author=Gerald L Geison |title=Pasteur and the Culture Wars: An Exchange |journal=New York Review of Books |date=April 4 |year=1996 |url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1996/apr/04/pasteur-and-the-culture-wars-an-exchange/ |accessdate=2013-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=William C. Summers |title=Pasteur’s ‘Private Science’ |journal=New York Review of Books |date=February 6 |year=1997 |url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1997/feb/06/pasteurs-private-science/ |accessdate=2013-10-17}}</ref><ref name=fang>{{cite news |author=[[方舟子]] |title=巴斯德是否骗人''——科学史上著名公案.80/ |url=http://epaper.eeo.com.cn/pdf/pdf/eeo/414/44.pdf |accessdate=2013-10-17 |newspaper=[[经济观察报]] |date=2009-04-13}}</ref> ==巴斯德研究所=={{main|巴斯德研究所}}1887年,巴斯德在巴黎以募捐方式创立了一所公益型私人研究所——[[巴斯德研究所]]。建立之初,研究所规模很小,第一批研究队伍仅设5个实验室,有5位室主任和14位助手。至2005年,巴斯德研究所拥有一所医院。该所既是传染性疾病、热带病理学和免疫系统疾病的专业保健中心,又是研究生教育(科研和临床培训)中心,生物学基础研究中心、公共健康应用研究中心。同时它还建有一个博物馆、一个包括图书馆在内的科技信息中心、多家公司和分布在全球29个国家内的32所研究机构。<ref>{{cite web| author= |title= Institut Pasteur International Network|date= | url= http://www.pasteur-international.org/ip/easysite/pasteur-international-en/institut-pasteur-international-network/the-network |work= pasteur-international.org |publisher= |accessdate= 2013-07-03}}</ref><ref name=yang>{{cite journal|author=杨威|coauthors=李志平 |title=巴斯德研究所面面观|journal=《医学与哲学:人文社会医学版》|year=2008|issue=4|pages=67-69|url=http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_672349610100hxax.html|accessdate=2013-10-16}}</ref> 共有8位诺贝尔生理学和医学奖获得者在该所学习和工作过,他们是[[夏尔·路易·阿方斯·拉韦朗|拉韦朗]],[[埃黎耶·埃黎赫·梅契尼可夫|梅契尼科夫]],[[朱尔·博尔代|博尔代]],[[夏尔·尼科勒|尼科尔]],[[达尼埃尔·博韦|博韦]],[[安德列·利沃夫|利沃夫]],[[弗朗索瓦·雅各布|雅各布]]和[[贾克·莫诺|莫诺]]。<ref name=yang/> == 参见 ==* [[消旋体]]* [[疾病细菌学说]]* [[巴斯德消毒法]]* [[巴斯德研究所]],[[中国科学院上海巴斯德研究所]]* [[巴斯德效应]]* [[尋找巴斯德]] == 参考文献 ===== 引用 ==={{Reflist|2}} ==外部链接==* [http://www.2250s.com/read.php?4-7518-7518 巴斯德、盖森、佩鲁茨、方舟子、肖传国(亦明)]* [http://www.pasteur.fr/english.html The Institut Pasteur] – Foundation Dedicated to the prevention and treatment of diseases through biological research, education and public health activities* [http://www.pasteurfoundation.org The Pasteur Foundation] – A US nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting the mission of the [[Institut Pasteur]] in Paris. Full archive of newsletters available online containing examples of US Tributes to Louis Pasteur.* [http://biotech.law.lsu.edu/cphl/history/articles/pasteur.htm Pasteur's Papers on the Germ Theory]* [http://www.pasteurbrewing.com The Life and Work of Louis Pasteur], Pasteur Brewing* [http://php.pasteur.net/index.php?newlang=english The Pasteur Galaxy]* [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jbourj/money5.htm Louis Pasteur featured on the 5 French Franc banknote from 1966.]* [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1878pasteur-germ.html Germ Theory and Its Applications to Medicine and Surgery, 1878]*[http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BC/Louis_Pasteur.html Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)] profile, AccessExcellence.org
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