单毛刺蒴麻查看源代码讨论查看历史
| 单毛刺蒴麻 |
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中文学名:单毛刺蒴麻 二名法:Triumfetta annua L. 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 Angiospermae 纲:双子叶植物纲 Dicotyledoneae 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 Archichlamydeae 目:锦葵目 Malvales 科:椴树科 Tiliaceae 亚 科:椴树亚科 Subfam. Tilioideae 族:刺蒴麻族 Trib. Triumfetteae 属:刺蒴麻属 Triumfetta |
单毛刺蒴麻，一年生草本或半灌木，叶纸质，卵形或卵状披针形，先端尾状渐尖，基部圆形或微心形，两面有稀疏单长毛，基出脉3-5条。聚伞花序腋生，花序柄极短，花瓣比萼片稍短，黄色。蒴果扁球形，无毛，具刺，刺先端弯勾，基部有毛。花期秋季。 [1]
形态特征
草本或亚灌木；嫩枝被黄褐色茸毛。
叶纸质，卵形或卵状披针形，长5-11cm，宽3-7cm，先端尾状渐尖，基部圆形或微心形，两面有稀疏单长毛，基出脉3-5条，侧脉向上行超过叶片中部，边缘有锯齿；叶柄长1-5cm，有疏长毛。
聚伞花序腋生，花序柄极短；花柄长3-6mm；苞片长2-3mm，均被长毛；萼片长5mm，先端有角；花瓣比萼片稍短，倒披针形；雄蕊10枚；子房被刺毛，3-4室，花柱短，柱头2-3浅裂。
蒴果扁球形；刺长5-7mm，无毛，先端弯勾，基部有毛。
Herbs annual, or subshrubs. Branchlets yellow-brown tomentose. Stipule narrowly triangular; petiole 1-7.5 cm, sparsely simple-pilose; leaf blade ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-13 × 3-7 cm, papery, sparsely pilose, both surfaces simple-pilose, basal veins 3-5, 2 lateral ones ascending beyond 1/2 blade, base rounded or subcordate, margin serrate, apex caudate or acuminate. Peduncle very short. Pedicel 3-6 mm, villous. Bracts 2-3 mm, villous. Flower bud nearly glabrous. Sepals ca. 5 mm, tips appendaged. Petals oblanceolate, slightly shorter than sepals. Stamens 10. Ovary 3- or 4-loculed, spiny; style very short; stigma 2-3-lobed. Capsule impressed globose, ca. 6 mm in diam., spiny, dehiscent, 3- or 4-valved; spines 3-7 mm, glabrous or hairy at base, tip hooked. Fl. autumn.
Open areas, roadsides. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan; Africa].
Triumfetta annua was incorrectly named as T. suffruticosa Blume by some authors, including Merrill; it has also been confused with T. japonica Makino, which is restricted to Japan, Korea, and the Philippines.
生长环境
生长于荒野及路旁。该种河南原无记录，本次发现于黄柏山韭菜崖沟下老林点处。
分布范围
单毛刺蒴麻分布于云南、四川、湖北、贵州、广西、广东、江西、浙江等地。
花果期
花期秋季。
经济用途
茎皮纤维可作绳索及织物。