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單毛刺蒴麻檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史

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單毛刺蒴麻

中文學名:單毛刺蒴麻

二名法:Triumfetta annua L.

界:植物界

門:被子植物門 Angiospermae

綱:雙子葉植物綱 Dicotyledoneae

亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 Archichlamydeae

目:錦葵目 Malvales

科:椴樹科 Tiliaceae

亞 科:椴樹亞科 Subfam. Tilioideae

族:刺蒴麻族 Trib. Triumfetteae

屬:刺蒴麻屬 Triumfetta

單毛刺蒴麻,一年生草本或半灌木,葉紙質,卵形或卵狀披針形,先端尾狀漸尖,基部圓形或微心形,兩面有稀疏單長毛,基出脈3-5條。聚傘花序腋生,花序柄極短,花瓣比萼片稍短,黃色。蒴果扁球形,無毛,具刺,刺先端彎勾,基部有毛。花期秋季。 [1]

形態特徵

草本或亞灌木;嫩枝被黃褐色茸毛。

葉紙質,卵形或卵狀披針形,長5-11cm,寬3-7cm,先端尾狀漸尖,基部圓形或微心形,兩面有稀疏單長毛,基出脈3-5條,側脈向上行超過葉片中部,邊緣有鋸齒;葉柄長1-5cm,有疏長毛。

聚傘花序腋生,花序柄極短;花柄長3-6mm;苞片長2-3mm,均被長毛;萼片長5mm,先端有角;花瓣比萼片稍短,倒披針形;雄蕊10枚;子房被刺毛,3-4室,花柱短,柱頭2-3淺裂。

蒴果扁球形;刺長5-7mm,無毛,先端彎勾,基部有毛。

Herbs annual, or subshrubs. Branchlets yellow-brown tomentose. Stipule narrowly triangular; petiole 1-7.5 cm, sparsely simple-pilose; leaf blade ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-13 × 3-7 cm, papery, sparsely pilose, both surfaces simple-pilose, basal veins 3-5, 2 lateral ones ascending beyond 1/2 blade, base rounded or subcordate, margin serrate, apex caudate or acuminate. Peduncle very short. Pedicel 3-6 mm, villous. Bracts 2-3 mm, villous. Flower bud nearly glabrous. Sepals ca. 5 mm, tips appendaged. Petals oblanceolate, slightly shorter than sepals. Stamens 10. Ovary 3- or 4-loculed, spiny; style very short; stigma 2-3-lobed. Capsule impressed globose, ca. 6 mm in diam., spiny, dehiscent, 3- or 4-valved; spines 3-7 mm, glabrous or hairy at base, tip hooked. Fl. autumn.

Open areas, roadsides. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan; Africa].

Triumfetta annua was incorrectly named as T. suffruticosa Blume by some authors, including Merrill; it has also been confused with T. japonica Makino, which is restricted to Japan, Korea, and the Philippines.

生長環境

生長於荒野及路旁。該種河南原無記錄,本次發現於黃柏山韭菜崖溝下老林點處。

分布範圍

單毛刺蒴麻分布於雲南四川湖北貴州廣西廣東江西浙江等地。

花果期

花期秋季。

經濟用途

莖皮纖維可作繩索及織物。

參考來源

  1. 單毛刺蒴麻, 植物智, 2020-01-18