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中国度量衡查看源代码讨论查看历史

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中国度量衡是传统对计量长度容量重量的统称。度代表长度,量代表容量[1],衡则代表重量(权衡)。现代对度量衡的广泛定义为任何表示物理量(如温度时间)的度量(又称为计量)。

历代度量衡制演变简表

度制
时代 单位换算 公制换算(厘米cm)
1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 1尺 = 16.95, 1寸 =1.58
1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 1尺 =19.1,1寸 = 1.58。楚国一尺 =22.7
战国 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 1丈 = 231, 1尺 = 23.1, 1寸 =2.31, 1分 = 0.231;1铜尺 =23
1引 = 10丈, 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 1引 = 2310, 1丈 = 231, 1尺 = 23.1, 1寸 = 2.31, 1分 = 0.231
1引 = 10丈, 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 1引 = 2310, 1丈 = 231, 1尺 = 23.1, 1寸 = 2.31, 1分 = 0.231;一牙尺 = 23.3,王莽一货币尺 = 23.1;后汉一铜尺 = 23.6
三国 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 1丈 = 242, 1尺 = 24.2, 1寸 = 2.42, 1分 = 0.242;
西晋 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 1丈 = 242, 1尺 = 24.5, 1寸 = 2.42, 1分 = 0.242
东晋十六国 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 1丈 = 245, 1尺 = 24.5, 1寸 = 2.45, 1分 = 0.245
十六国前后赵一尺 =24.3,南齐一骨尺 =24.7,南梁一铜尺 =24.95
南北朝 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 南朝:1丈 = 245, 1尺 = 24.5, 1寸 = 2.45, 1分 = 0.245
北朝:1丈 = 296, 1尺 = 29.6, 1寸 = 2.96, 1分 = 0.296
一中尺 =27.9,王尺=26.7,后尺=34.75;西魏周王室用王尺,东魏北齐王室用后尺民间一尺=24.95
1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 1丈 = 296, 1尺 = 29.6, 1寸 = 2.96, 1分 = 0.296;一水尺 = 27.4.
1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 小尺:1丈 = 300, 1尺 = 30, 1寸 = 3, 1分 = 0.3
大尺:1丈 = 360, 1尺 = 36, 1寸 = 3.6, 1分 = 0.36
宗庙星历用尺一尺 = 24.75
五代十国 1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 1丈 = 300, 1尺 = 30, 1寸 = 3, 1分 = 0.3
1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 1丈 = 312, 1尺 = 31.2, 1寸 = 3.12, 1分 = 0.312
1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 裁衣尺:1尺 = 34, 1寸 = 3.4
量地尺:1尺 = 32.7, 1寸 = 3.27
营造尺:1尺 = 32, 1寸 = 3.2
1丈 = 10尺, 1尺 = 10寸, 1寸 = 10分 裁衣尺:1丈 = 355, 1尺 = 35.5, 1寸 = 3.55
量地尺:1丈 = 345, 1尺 = 34.5, 1寸 = 3.45
营造尺:1丈 = 320, 1尺 = 32, 1寸 = 3.2

[2]

  • 营造尺库平制:1里 = 18引 = 180丈 = 360步 = 1800尺 = 1,8000寸 = 18,0000分 = 180,0000厘 = 1800,0000毫 = 576米
  • 市制:1里 = 15引 = 150丈 = 1500尺 = 1,5000寸 = 15,0000分 = 150,0000厘 = 1500,0000毫 = 500米 → 请参考中国市制

量制
时代 单位换算 公制换算(毫升mL)
战国 齐:1锺 = 10釜, 1釜 = 4区, 1区 = 4豆, 1豆 = 4升
楚:1筲 = 5升
秦:1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升
三晋(韩、赵、魏):1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升
1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升 1斛 = 20000, 1斗 = 2000, 1升 = 200;商鞅变法1方升= 201
1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合, 1合 = 2龠, 1龠 = 5撮, 1撮 = 4圭 1斛 = 20000, 1斗 = 2000, 1升 = 200, 1合 = 20, 1龠 = 10, 1撮 = 2, 1圭 = 0.5
三国两晋 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 1斛 = 20450, 1斗 = 2045, 1升 = 204.5, 1合 = 20.45
南北朝 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 1斛 = 30000, 1斗 = 3000, 1升 = 300, 1合 = 30
1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 开皇:1斛 = 60000, 1斗 = 6000, 1升 = 600, 1合 = 60

大业:1斛 = 20000, 1斗 = 2000, 1升 = 200, 1合 = 20

1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 大:1斛 = 60000, 1斗 = 6000, 1升 = 600, 1合 = 60

小:1斛 = 20000, 1斗 = 2000, 1升 = 200, 1合 = 20

1 = 2斛,1斛 = 5斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 1 = 67000,1斛 = 33500, 1斗 = 6700, 1升 = 670,1合 = 67
1 = 2斛,1斛 = 5斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 1 = 95000,1斛 = 47500, 1斗 = 9500, 1升 = 950,1合 = 95
1 = 2斛,1斛 = 5斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 1 = 100000,1斛 = 50000, 1斗 = 10000, 1升 = 1000,1合 = 100
  • 营造尺库平制:1石 = 2斛 = 10斗 = 100升 = 1000合 = 1,0000勺 = 3160立方寸 = 103.54688公升
  • 市制:1市石(ㄉㄢˋ) = 10市斗 = 100市升 = 1000市合(ㄍㄜˇ) = 1,0000勺 = 10,0000撮 = 100公升 → 请参考中国市制[3]

衡制
时代 单位换算 公制换算(公克g)
战国 楚:1斤 = 16两,1两 = 24铢
赵:1 = 120斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 24铢
魏:1镒 = 10𬬱,1𬬱 = 20两
秦:1石 = 4钧,1钧 = 30斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 24铢
1斤 = 250,1两 = 15.6,1铢 = 0.65
1石 = 30000,1斤 = 250,1两 = 15.6,1铢 = 0.65
1镒 = 315,1𬬱 = 31.5
1石 = 30360,1钧 = 7590,1斤 = 253,1两 = 15.8,1铢 = 0.66
1石 = 4钧,1钧 = 30斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 24铢 1石 = 30360,1钧 = 7590,1斤 = 253,1两 = 15.8,1铢 = 0.66
1石 = 4钧,1钧 = 30斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 24铢 西汉:1石 = 29760,1钧 = 7440,1斤 = 248,1两 = 15.5,1铢 = 0.65
东汉:1石 = 26400,1钧 = 6600,1斤 = 220,1两 = 13.8,1铢 = 0.57
三国 1石 = 4钧,1钧 = 30斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 24铢 1石 = 26400,1钧 = 6600,1斤 = 220,1两 = 13.8,1铢 = 0.57
两晋 1石 = 4钧,1钧 = 30斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 24铢 1石 = 26400,1钧 = 6600,1斤 = 220,1两 = 13.8,1铢 = 0.57
南北朝 1石 = 4钧,1钧 = 30斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 24铢 南齐:1斤 = 330,梁、陈:1斤 = 220;
北魏、北齐:1斤 = 440,北周:1斤 = 660
1石 = 4钧,1钧 = 30斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 24铢 大:1石 = 79320,1钧 = 19830,1斤 = 661,1两 = 41.3
小:1石 = 26400,1钧 = 6600,1斤 = 220,1两 = 13.8
1石 = 4钧,1钧 = 30斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 10钱,1钱 = 10分 1石 = 79320,1斤 = 661,1两 = 41.3,1钱 = 4.13,1分 = 0.41
1石 = 120斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 10钱,1钱 = 10分 1石 = 75960,1斤 = 633,1两 = 40,1钱 = 4,1分 = 0.4
1石 = 120斤,1斤 = 16两,1两 = 10钱,1钱 = 10分 1石 = 70800,1斤 = 590,1两 = 36.9,1钱 = 3.69,1分 = 0.37

[4]

面积

  • 营造尺库平制:1顷 = 100亩 = 1000分 = 1,0000厘 = 10,0000毫 = 60,0000方尺 = 6,1440平方米
  • 市制:1顷 = 100亩 = 1000分 = 1,0000厘 = 10,0000毫 = 60,0000平方尺 = 66666⅔ 平方米

现况

现时中国大陆是以公制为主,辅以市制台湾以公制和台制为主。

港澳

香港澳门,由于长时期为英国葡萄牙属地,并没有受市制改革影响;虽然政府曾大力推广十进制,但民间仍然沿用司马斤(和英制公制同时使用)[5];“1=100斤、1斤(和清朝官府库平制不太一样,司马斤相等于604.79克,库平制1斤相等于596.82克)=16两、1两(37.7994克)=10钱、1钱=10分”等换算仍广泛用于粮食中药材买卖至今。贵金属买卖使用金衡两,即37.429克。

视频

中国度量衡 相关视频

度量衡
商鞅统一度量衡
.物理量-物质的量
计量长度的历史(配音)(二)

参考文献