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亮毛堇菜 |
中文学名:亮毛堇菜 拉丁学名:Viola lucens W.Beck. 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 目:侧膜胎座目 亚 目:山茶亚目 科:堇菜科 属:堇菜属 亚 属:堇菜亚属 组:匍匐堇菜组 |
亮毛堇菜(liàng máo jǐn cài,学名:Viola lucens)为堇菜科堇菜属的植物,是我国的特有植物。产于江西、福建(建宁)、广东(南昆山)、四川、贵州。生于山坡草丛或路旁等处。 [1]
亮毛堇菜形态特征
亮毛堇菜,低矮小草本,高5-7厘米,全体被白色长柔毛,无地上茎,具匍匐枝。根状茎垂直,密生结节,粗约2毫米,生多条细根。匍匐枝细,顶端常形成新植株。
叶基生,莲座状;叶长圆状卵形或长圆形,长1-2 (3) 厘米,宽0.5-1.3厘米,先端钝,基部心形或圆,边缘具圆齿,两面密生白色状长柔毛;叶柄细弱,长短不等,长0.2-2.5厘米,密被长柔毛;托叶褐色,披针形,边缘具流苏状齿。
花淡紫色;花梗细弱,远高出于叶丛,长3-4厘米,疏生细毛,在中部以上有2枚对生的线形小苞片;萼片狭披针形,长2.5-3毫米,宽约1毫米,狭膜质缘,基部附属物短,长仅0.5毫米;
上方及侧方花瓣倒卵形,长1.0-1.1厘米,下方花瓣船状,连距长9毫米,距长1-1.5毫米;子房球形,无毛,花柱棍棒状,基部膝曲,顶部增粗,柱头两侧有狭缘边,先端具短喙。蒴果卵圆形,长0.5厘米,无毛。 [2]
Viola lucens W. Beck. in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 6: 250. 1928.
Herbs perennial, small, 5-7 cm tall, white villous throughout, acaulescent, stoloniferous. Rhizome erect, ca. 2 mm in diam., densely noded, with numerous rootlets. Stolon slender, often producing new plant at top. Leaves basal, rosulate; stipules brown, lanceolate, margin fimbriate-dentate; petioles unequal in length, 0.2-2.5 cm, slender, densely villous; leaf blade oblong-ovate or oblong, 1-2(-3) × 0.5-1.3 cm, both surfaces densely white villous, base cordate or rounded, margin crenate, apex obtuse. Flowers light bluish violet; pedicels much exceeding leaves, 3-4 cm, slender, sparsely puberulous, 2-bracteolate above middle-bracteolate at middle; bracteoles opposite, linear. Sepals narrowly lanceolate, 2.5-3 × ca. 1 mm, margin narrowly membranous, basal auricles short, only ca. 0.5 mm. Upper and lateral petals obovate, 1-1.1 cm, lateral ones glabrous, anterior one boat-shaped, ca. 9 mm (spur included), apex acute; spur ca. 1.5 mm. Ovary globose, glabrous; styles clavate, base geniculate, thickened at apex; stigmas narrowly margined on lateral sides, apex shortly beaked. Capsule ovoid-orbicular, ca. 0.5 cm, glabrous. Fl. Feb-Apr and Aug-Sep.
亮毛堇菜生长环境
生长于山坡草丛或路旁等处。