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卵叶胡椒

中文名:卵叶胡椒

拉丁学名:Piper

attenuatum Buch.-Ham.

ex Miq.

界:植物界

门:被子植物门

纲:双子叶植物纲

亚 纲:原始花被亚纲

目:胡椒目

科:胡椒科

属:胡椒属

亚 属:胡椒亚属

组:胡椒组

种:卵叶胡椒

分布区域:云南西部(盈江

漾鼻)。锡金

不丹印度

拼 音:luǎn yè hú jiāo

卵叶胡椒(luǎn yè hú jiāo,学名 Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham. ex. Miq.),是胡椒科胡椒属藤本,茎纤细,具细的纵沟纹,无毛。叶薄纸质,有腺点,阔卵形或卵圆形。花单性,雌雄异株,聚集成与叶对生的穗状花序。总花梗短,长5-8毫米,无毛;花序轴仅在子房着生处的浅穴周围被疏毛;子房卵形,离生,浆果球形,干时变黑色,产于中国云南西部(盈江漾鼻)。 [1]

卵叶胡椒形态特征

攀援藤本;枝干时具明显的纵棱和沟纹,无毛。叶膜质,有腺点,卵状圆形、阔卵形或卵形,长8-11厘米,宽5-8厘米,顶端骤然紧缩具短尖头;

基部通常截平,有时钝圆或浅心形,枝端的稀有近短狭,两侧相等,腹面无毛,背面疏被微硬毛,脉上尤著;

叶脉7-9条,基出或近基出,最上1对有时离基约5毫米从中脉发出,并达叶片顶部,如为9脉时,则最外1对极柔弱或不明显;叶柄长3-3.5厘米,下部叶柄更长,被疏微硬毛;叶鞘短,长3-7毫米。

花单性,雌雄异株,聚集成与叶对生的穗状花序。雄花序长8-14厘米,纤细,密花;苞片与雌花序的相同,但较小,长约2毫米,宽0.6-1毫米;雄蕊2-4枚,花药卵形,与花丝近等长。

雌花序长7-9厘米,于果期延长可达18厘米;总花梗短,长5-8毫米,无毛;苞片长圆形,两端均钝,腹面贴生于花序轴上,仅边缘和顶部分离,呈浅杯状,长约3毫米,于果期延长达4毫米,宽约1毫米,无毛;

花序轴仅在子房着生处的浅穴周围被疏毛;子房卵形,离生,柱头4-5,线形。浆果球形,干时变黑色,无毛,直径约3.5毫米。花期10-12月。

分类文献

Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham. ex Miq. Syst. Pip. 306. 1843; Wight, Ic.Pl. Ind. Or. t. 1933. 1858; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1 (2) : 451. 1859; C. DC. in DC Prodr. 16: 363. 1868; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 92. 1886; C. DC. in Candollea 1: 291. 1923; Tseng in Acta Phytotax. Sinica 17 (1) : 26. 1979.

Climbers. Stems obviously ridged and furrowed when dry, glabrous. Petiole 3-3.5 cm, shortest on leaves toward apex of stem, sparsely hispidulous; prophyll 3-7 mm; leaf blade ovate-orbicular or ovate, 8-11 × 5-8 cm, membranous, glandular, abaxially sparsely hispidulous, especially on veins, adaxially glabrous, base rounded to subcordate, usually truncate, rarely shortly tapered on apical leaves, symmetric or slightly oblique, apex cuspidate or mucronate; veins 7(-9), apical pair arising 0-5 mm above base, reaching leaf apex, others basal. Flowers monoecious. Spikes leaf-opposed.

Male spikes 8-14 cm, slender; bracts oblong-obovate, apex rounded, ca. 2 × 0.6-1 mm, adnate to rachis, margin free, apex ± rounded. Stamens 2-4; filaments nearly as short as anthers; anthers ovoid. Female spikes 7-9 cm, to 18 cm in fruit; peduncle 5-8 mm; rachis sparsely hairy around ovaries; bracts shallowly cupular, ca. 3 × 1 mm, to 4 mm in fruit, glabrous.

Ovary ovoid, distinct; stigmas 4 or 5, linear. Drupe drying black, ovoid to globose, ca. 3.5 mm in diam. Fl. Oct-Dec.

Wet places within forests. W Yunnan [Bhutan, India]

Some recent authors have combined this species with Piper bantamense Blume, from Indonesia (Java). However, that species differs from P. attenuatum as follows: petiols shorter, 1-1.8 cm, sheath more than 2/3 as long as petiole; leaf blade usually elliptic, sometimes ovate, 5-7-veined, apical pair of veins usually arising ca. 1 cm above base, base obtuse or broadly cuneate, apex acute to acuminate; peduncle about as long as or longer than petiole.[2]

卵叶胡椒生长环境

生长于林中沟边湿地,攀援于树上。 [3]

卵叶胡椒分布范围

产于中国云南西部(盈江漾鼻)。锡金不丹印度印度尼西亚也有。 [4]

辨析

本种与Piper bantamense Blume很近似,最近有的作者将本种并人其中,但是该种的叶通常椭圆形,间有卵形,顶端短尖至渐尖,基部钝圆或阔楔形,5-7脉,最上1对叶脉常离基1厘米以上从中脉发出;叶柄较短,长1-1.8厘米,叶鞘长为叶柄的2/3以上,总花梗与叶柄等长或长于叶柄。根据以上这些差异,笔者认为还是分别列为两个种为宜。

参考来源

  1. 卵叶胡椒, 植物智, 2020-01-18
  2. 卵叶胡椒长这样_好看视频 - 秒懂百科 视频时长 00:44 2019年8月30日 - 原来卵叶胡椒长这样,本视频由秒懂百科提供,0次播放,有0人点赞,0人对此视频发表评论,好看视频是由百度团队打造的...
  3. 卵叶胡椒 Piper attenuatum 叶: 托叶长3-7毫米;叶膜质,具腺点,卵圆形、宽卵形或卵形,长8-11厘米,先端骤短尖,基部常平截,有时钝圆或浅心形,两侧相等或稍偏斜,上面无毛,下面疏被微...
  4. 《中国植物志》 第20(1)卷 (1982) >> 025页 PDF >> 卵叶胡椒 Piper attenuatum