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卵葉胡椒檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史

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卵葉胡椒

中文名:卵葉胡椒

拉丁學名:Piper

attenuatum Buch.-Ham.

ex Miq.

界:植物界

門:被子植物門

綱:雙子葉植物綱

亞 綱:原始花被亞綱

目:胡椒目

科:胡椒科

屬:胡椒屬

亞 屬:胡椒亞屬

組:胡椒組

種:卵葉胡椒

分布區域:雲南西部(盈江

漾鼻)。錫金

不丹印度

拼 音:luǎn yè hú jiāo

卵葉胡椒(luǎn yè hú jiāo,學名 Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham. ex. Miq.),是胡椒科胡椒屬藤本,莖纖細,具細的縱溝紋,無毛。葉薄紙質,有腺點,闊卵形或卵圓形。花單性,雌雄異株,聚集成與葉對生的穗狀花序。總花梗短,長5-8毫米,無毛;花序軸僅在子房着生處的淺穴周圍被疏毛;子房卵形,離生,漿果球形,干時變黑色,產於中國雲南西部(盈江漾鼻)。 [1]

卵葉胡椒形態特徵

攀援藤本;枝幹時具明顯的縱棱和溝紋,無毛。葉膜質,有腺點,卵狀圓形、闊卵形或卵形,長8-11厘米,寬5-8厘米,頂端驟然緊縮具短尖頭;

基部通常截平,有時鈍圓或淺心形,枝端的稀有近短狹,兩側相等,腹面無毛,背面疏被微硬毛,脈上尤著;

葉脈7-9條,基出或近基出,最上1對有時離基約5毫米從中脈發出,並達葉片頂部,如為9脈時,則最外1對極柔弱或不明顯;葉柄長3-3.5厘米,下部葉柄更長,被疏微硬毛;葉鞘短,長3-7毫米。

花單性,雌雄異株,聚集成與葉對生的穗狀花序。雄花序長8-14厘米,纖細,密花;苞片與雌花序的相同,但較小,長約2毫米,寬0.6-1毫米;雄蕊2-4枚,花葯卵形,與花絲近等長。

雌花序長7-9厘米,於果期延長可達18厘米;總花梗短,長5-8毫米,無毛;苞片長圓形,兩端均鈍,腹面貼生於花序軸上,僅邊緣和頂部分離,呈淺杯狀,長約3毫米,於果期延長達4毫米,寬約1毫米,無毛;

花序軸僅在子房着生處的淺穴周圍被疏毛;子房卵形,離生,柱頭4-5,線形。漿果球形,干時變黑色,無毛,直徑約3.5毫米。花期10-12月。

分類文獻

Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham. ex Miq. Syst. Pip. 306. 1843; Wight, Ic.Pl. Ind. Or. t. 1933. 1858; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1 (2) : 451. 1859; C. DC. in DC Prodr. 16: 363. 1868; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 92. 1886; C. DC. in Candollea 1: 291. 1923; Tseng in Acta Phytotax. Sinica 17 (1) : 26. 1979.

Climbers. Stems obviously ridged and furrowed when dry, glabrous. Petiole 3-3.5 cm, shortest on leaves toward apex of stem, sparsely hispidulous; prophyll 3-7 mm; leaf blade ovate-orbicular or ovate, 8-11 × 5-8 cm, membranous, glandular, abaxially sparsely hispidulous, especially on veins, adaxially glabrous, base rounded to subcordate, usually truncate, rarely shortly tapered on apical leaves, symmetric or slightly oblique, apex cuspidate or mucronate; veins 7(-9), apical pair arising 0-5 mm above base, reaching leaf apex, others basal. Flowers monoecious. Spikes leaf-opposed.

Male spikes 8-14 cm, slender; bracts oblong-obovate, apex rounded, ca. 2 × 0.6-1 mm, adnate to rachis, margin free, apex ± rounded. Stamens 2-4; filaments nearly as short as anthers; anthers ovoid. Female spikes 7-9 cm, to 18 cm in fruit; peduncle 5-8 mm; rachis sparsely hairy around ovaries; bracts shallowly cupular, ca. 3 × 1 mm, to 4 mm in fruit, glabrous.

Ovary ovoid, distinct; stigmas 4 or 5, linear. Drupe drying black, ovoid to globose, ca. 3.5 mm in diam. Fl. Oct-Dec.

Wet places within forests. W Yunnan [Bhutan, India]

Some recent authors have combined this species with Piper bantamense Blume, from Indonesia (Java). However, that species differs from P. attenuatum as follows: petiols shorter, 1-1.8 cm, sheath more than 2/3 as long as petiole; leaf blade usually elliptic, sometimes ovate, 5-7-veined, apical pair of veins usually arising ca. 1 cm above base, base obtuse or broadly cuneate, apex acute to acuminate; peduncle about as long as or longer than petiole.[2]

卵葉胡椒生長環境

生長於林中溝邊濕地,攀援於樹上。 [3]

卵葉胡椒分布範圍

產於中國雲南西部(盈江漾鼻)。錫金不丹印度印度尼西亞也有。 [4]

辨析

本種與Piper bantamense Blume很近似,最近有的作者將本種並人其中,但是該種的葉通常橢圓形,間有卵形,頂端短尖至漸尖,基部鈍圓或闊楔形,5-7脈,最上1對葉脈常離基1厘米以上從中脈發出;葉柄較短,長1-1.8厘米,葉鞘長為葉柄的2/3以上,總花梗與葉柄等長或長於葉柄。根據以上這些差異,筆者認為還是分別列為兩個種為宜。

參考來源

  1. 卵葉胡椒, 植物智, 2020-01-18
  2. 卵葉胡椒長這樣_好看視頻 - 秒懂百科 視頻時長 00:44 2019年8月30日 - 原來卵葉胡椒長這樣,本視頻由秒懂百科提供,0次播放,有0人點讚,0人對此視頻發表評論,好看視頻是由百度團隊打造的...
  3. 卵葉胡椒 Piper attenuatum 葉: 托葉長3-7毫米;葉膜質,具腺點,卵圓形、寬卵形或卵形,長8-11厘米,先端驟短尖,基部常平截,有時鈍圓或淺心形,兩側相等或稍偏斜,上面無毛,下面疏被微...
  4. 《中國植物志》 第20(1)卷 (1982) >> 025頁 PDF >> 卵葉胡椒 Piper attenuatum