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宽叶大戟 |
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中文名:宽叶大戟 拉丁学名:Euphorbia latifolia Meyer ex Ledeb. 界:植物界 目:金虎尾目 科:大戟科 属:大戟属 |
宽叶大戟(kuān yè dà jǐ),学名:Euphorbia latifolia Meyer ex Ledeb.,是大戟科大戟属的植物。分布在俄罗斯、中亚、西西伯利亚以及中国大陆的新疆等地,生长于海拔1,000米至1,500米的地区,多生于林缘、河谷、草甸以及灌丛,目前已由人工引种栽培。 [1]
宽叶大戟形态特征
多年生草本。根圆柱状,长15-30厘米,直径4-6毫米,褐色。茎单一或数个发自基部,高60-100厘米,直径5-7毫米,光滑无毛,中部以上多分枝。
叶互生,椭圆形,长4-6.5厘米,宽2-3厘米,先端圆,基部近圆或略呈楔形,全缘;主脉于叶背隆起;侧脉11-15对;近无柄;总苞叶6-10枚,与茎生叶同形,但通常略小;
伞幅6-10枚,长3-5厘米;苞叶2,卵圆形,三角状卵形或半圆形,长1-1.5厘米,宽1-2厘米,先端圆或近圆形,基部近平截。
花序单生于二歧分枝的顶端,基部具短柄;总苞钟状,高2.0-2.5毫米,直径1.5-2.0 毫米,无毛,边缘5裂,裂片卵状三角形,内侧被柔毛;腺体4,新月形,先端具两个钝角,淡褐色或褐色。
雄花多数,苞片线形,多少撕裂;雌花1枚,子房柄伸出总苞之外;子房光滑,无毛;花柱3,分离;柱头2裂。
蒴果卵球状,具3个纵沟,长4.0-4.5毫米,直径约4毫米,花柱宿存;成熟时分裂为3个分果爿。种子卵状,长2.5-3.0 毫米,直径1.5-2.0毫米,棕褐色,种阜肉色,无柄。花果期5-9月。
Herbs, perennial, erect, (30-)60-90(-100) cm tall, pale green. Root terete, brown, 15-30 cm × 5-7 mm thick. Stems single or few branched basally, 5-7 mm thick, upper parts many branched, smooth and glabrous; sterile stems present. Leaves alternate; stipules absent; basal scale-leaves many; petiole almost absent; leaf blade broadly elliptic, (2-)4-6.5 × (1-)2-3 cm, base subrounded or cuneate, margin entire [or crenulose at apex], apex rounded; midrib prominent abaxially, lateral veins 11-15 pairs; leaves on sterile branches petiolate, linear-spatulate, 2-4.5 × 0.7-1.5 cm.
Inflorescence a terminal pseudumbel, usually also with slender, long pedunculate dichasial cymes from subterminal axils; primary involucral leaves 6-10(-17), similar to normal leaves but smaller, primary rays 6-10(-16), 3-5 cm; cymes twice-forked; cyathophylls 2, ovate-rounded, triangular-ovate, or rounded, 1-1.5 × 1-2 cm, base subtruncate, apex rounded or subrounded.
Cyathium stipe short; involucre campanulate, 2-2.5 × 1.5-2 mm, glabrous, lobes ovate-triangular, pilose inside; glands 4, pale brown or brown, crescent-shaped, apex 2-horned, horns obtuse. Bracteoles linear, lacerate. Male flowers many. Female flower: ovary exserted from cup, smooth, glabrous; styles free, persistent; style arms 2-lobed. Capsule ovoid-globose, 4-4.5 × ca. 4 mm, with 3 vertical furrows. Seeds ovoid, 2.5-3 × 1.5-2 mm, yellow-brown; caruncle present, sessile. Fl. and fr. May-Sep.
分类文献
Euphorbia latifolia Meyer ex Ledeb. Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. 2: 25, 1830; Meyer, Fl. Alt. 41 183. 1833; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 15 (2): 161. 1862; Prokh. in Kom. Fl. URSS 14: 426. 1949; Gamajun. in Pavl. on. KaaaxC7. 6: 94. t. 13, 1. 1963; 新疆植物检索表3: 258. 1983; J. S. Ma & C. Y. Wu in Collect. Bot. 21: 118. 1992.
辨析
本种与乳浆大戟E. esula相似,但植株高大,叶椭圆形,花序基部具柄,腺体两角钝,种子棕褐色以及种阜肉色,易于区别。
宽叶大戟生长环境
生于海拔1000--1500米河谷、草甸、林缘及灌丛。
宽叶大戟分布范围
产于新疆(伊犁、塔城至哈巴河)。分布于中亚和俄罗斯的西西伯利亚。