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小叶葡萄 |
界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 目:管花目 科:葡萄科 属:葡萄属 种:小叶葡萄 |
小叶葡萄(xiǎo yè pú táo,学名 Vitis sinocinerea W. T. Wang,异名:Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana Vitis thunbergii var. cinerea Vitis sino-cinerea ),木质藤本。小枝圆柱形,有纵棱纹,疏被短柔毛和稀疏蛛丝状绒毛。卷须不分枝或2叉分枝每隔2节间断与叶对生。产江苏、浙江、福建、江西、湖北、湖南、台湾、云南。 [1]
小叶葡萄形态特征
木质藤本。小枝圆柱形,有纵棱纹,疏被短柔毛和稀疏蛛丝状绒毛。卷须不分枝或2叉分枝每隔2节间断与叶对生。
叶卵圆形,长3-8厘米,宽3-6厘米,三浅裂或不明显分裂,顶端急尖,基部浅心形或近截形,边缘每侧有5-9个锯齿,上面绿色,密被短柔毛或脱落几无毛,下面密被淡褐色蛛丝状绒毛;
基生脉5出,中脉有侧脉3-4对,脉上密被短柔毛和疏生蛛丝状的绒毛;叶柄长1-3厘米,密被短柔毛;托叶膜质,褐色,卵披针形,长约2毫米,宽约1毫米,顶端钝或渐尖,几无毛。
圆锥花序小,狭窄,长3-6厘米,与叶对生,基部分枝不发达,花序梗长1.5-2厘米,被短柔毛;花梗长1.5-2毫米,几无毛;花蕾倒卵状椭圆形,高1.5-2毫米,顶端圆形;
萼碟形,边缘几全缘,无毛;花瓣5,呈帽状粘合脱落;雄蕊5,花丝丝状,长约1毫米,花药黄色,椭圆形,长约0.5毫米;花盘发达,5裂。
雌蕊在雄花内退化。果实成熟时紫褐色,直径0.6-1厘米;种子倒卵圆形,顶端微凹,基部有短喙,种脐在种子背面中部呈椭圆形,腹面中棱脊突起,两侧洼穴呈沟状,向上达顶端的1/4-1/3处。
花期4-6月,果期7-10月。 [2]
分类
Vitis sinocinerea W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17 (3) : 76 & 86. f. 1: 2. 1979; 福建植物志3: 368.图257. 1988.——V. thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc. var. cinerea Gagnep. in Sarg. Pl. Wails. 1: 105. 1911. ——V. thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc. var. taiwaniana Lu, 台湾植物志3: 679. pl. 773. 1977. ——V. thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc var. adstricta auct. non (Hance) Gagnep. (1911) : Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan. 531. f. 205. 1963. excl. syn.
英文介绍
Vitis thunbergii Siebold & Zuccarini var. cinerea Gagnepain; V. thunbergii var. taiwaniana F. Y. Lu.
Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges, sparsely pubescent with arachnoid tomentum; tendrils unbranched or bifurcate. Leaves simple, 3-lobed or inconspicuously divided; stipules brownish, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 2 × 1 mm, membranous, subglabrate, apex obtuse or acuminate; petiole 1-3 cm, densely pubescent; leaf blade oval, 3-8 × 3-6 cm, abaxially with dense brown and arachnoid tomentum, adaxially densely pubescent or glabrescent, basal veins 5, lateral veins 3 or 4 pairs, veins densely pubescent and sparsely lanate, base subcordate or subtruncate, margin 5-9-toothed on each side, apex acute. Panicle leaf-opposed, small, 3-6 cm, slender, basal branches undeveloped; peduncle 1.5-2 cm, densely pubescent. Pedicels 1.5-2 mm, subglabrate. Buds obovoid-elliptic, 1.5-2 mm, apex rounded. Calyx cupular, glabrous, subentire. Petals calyptrate. Filaments filiform, ca. 1 mm; anthers yellow, oblong, ca. 0.5 mm. Pistil abortive in male flowers. Berry purple-black at maturity, 6-10 mm in diam. Seeds obovoid, apex retuse, chalazal knot elliptic, ventral holes furrowed upward 1/4-1/3 from base. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Oct.
● Forests, shrublands, hillsides; 200-2800 m. Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
小叶葡萄生长环境
生山坡林中或灌丛,海拔220-2800米。[3]
小叶葡萄分布范围
产江苏、浙江、福建、江西、湖北、湖南、台湾、云南。模式标本采自湖北建始。 [4]