蒙自崖爬藤查看源代码讨论查看历史
蒙自崖爬藤 |
中文学名:蒙自崖爬藤 拉丁学名:Tetrastigma henryi Gagn. 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 纲:双子叶植物纲 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 目:鼠李目 科:葡萄科 属:崖爬藤属 亚 属:崖爬藤亚属 崖爬藤组 崖爬藤亚组 三叶系 海拔区间:400-1900 是否中国特有:是 是否引种栽培:非人工引种栽培 |
蒙自崖爬藤(méng zì yá pá téng,学名 Tetrastigma henryi Gagnep.,俗名:柔毛崖爬藤,异名:tetrastigma henryi var. mollifolium Tetrastigma tenue Tetrastigma lunglingense ),本种叶形变异较大,过去中外学者曾划分成若干种,比较了产于中南半岛和喜马拉雅各地区标本后,发现本种与喜马拉雅各地区产的T. dubium (Laws.) Planch.很近似,仅本种花瓣外面被的短柔毛较密,花瓣顶端小角长而呈丝状。作者把产于我国及中南半岛各国分布区内的这类植物订为本种,其他营养器官,特别是叶的形状、大小、叶小叶边缘的数目没有一定变异规律,难于使用这些特征把它们再划分成不同的种。 [1]
蒙自崖爬藤形态特征
木质藤本。小枝圆柱形,有纵棱纹,无毛或微被疏柔毛。卷须不分枝,相隔2节间断与叶对生。
叶通常为3小叶,稀鸟足状5小叶,小叶椭圆形或长椭圆披针形,长5.5-14厘米,宽2-5厘米,顶端渐尖或尾状渐尖,中央小叶基部楔形,侧小叶基部不对称,阔楔形或近圆形,边缘每侧有6-8个粗或细锯齿,上面绿色,下面浅绿色,两面均无毛;
侧脉6-8对,网脉不明显;叶柄长2.5-10.5厘米,中央小叶柄长1-2厘米,侧生小叶柄长0.5-1.5厘米,无毛或被疏柔毛。
花序长2-6厘米,通常比叶柄短,腋生,二级分枝4,集生成伞状;花序梗长1.5-3厘米,被短柔毛;花梗长2-4毫米,被短柔毛;花蕾卵圆形,高2-2.5毫米;萼碟形,萼齿狭披针形,长约为花瓣的1/2,外面被短柔毛;
花瓣4,高1.7-2.2毫米,顶端有丝线状小角;雄蕊4,在雌花内花丝极短,花药呈龟头状,败育;花盘明显,4浅裂;子房下部与花盘合生,花柱短,柱头4裂。果实圆球形,直径0.6-0.8厘米,有种子1-2颗;
种子卵圆形,顶端圆形,基部尖,有短喙,种脐在背面近基部向上达种子顶端呈狭带形,下部略比上部宽,腹面中棱脊明显,两侧洼穴呈沟状,近种子中部斜向上伸展,直达种子顶端。 花期4月,果期9月。 [2]
分类
Tetrastigma henryi Gagnep. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 1: 264. 1910 et Lecomte, Not. Syst. 1: 317. 1911; Chun in Sunyatsenia 2 (1) : 39. 1934; Merr. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 23: 180. 1942; W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17 (3) : 95. 1979 in clavi; 中国高等植物图鉴补编2: 363 et 364. 1983 in clavi; 云南种子植物名录上册799. 1984.——T. tenue Craib in Kew Bull. 354. 1926; Craib et al. Fl. Siam. Enum. 1: 314. 1931; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine. 1: 861. 1950.——T. lunglingense C. Y. Wu ex W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17 (3) : 81 & 95. 1979; 中国高等植物图鉴补编2: 363. 1983 in clavi.
英文介绍
Tetrastigma henryi var. mollifolium W. T. Wang; T. lunglingense C. Y. Wu & W. T. Wang; T. tenue Craib.
Lianas, woody. Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges, glabrous or slightly pubescent; tendrils unbranched. Leaves 3-foliolate to pedately 5-foliolate, rarely 7-foliolate; petiole 2.5-10.5 cm; central petiolule 1-2 cm, lateral petiolules 0.5-1.5 cm, glabrous; leaflets elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 5.5-14 × 2-5 cm, lateral veins 6-8 pairs, veinlets inconspicuous, base of central leaflet broadly cuneate, base of lateral leaflets asymmetric, broadly cuneate, or subrounded, margin 6-8-toothed on each side, apex acuminate or caudately so. Inflorescence umbelliform, axillary, 2-6 cm; peduncle 1.5-3 cm, pubescent. Pedicel 2-4 mm, pubescent. Buds oval, 2-2.5 mm. Calyx cupular, pubescent, teeth lanceolate, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Petals 1.7-2.2 mm, corniculate with ciliate margins at apex. Disk distinct, 4-lobed. Lower part of ovary adnate to disk; style short; stigma 4-lobed. Berry broadly elliptic to spheroid, 6-8 mm in diam., 1- or 2-seeded. Seeds oval, base sharp with a short rostrum, apex rounded, ventral holes furrowed from middle to near apex. Fl. Apr, fr. Jun-Sep.
● Forests in valleys and on slopes; 600-1600 m. Guizhou, Xizang, Yunnan.
Wang (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(3): 81. 1979) recognized Tetrastigma henryi var. mollifolium. The pubescence on the leaves is variable, even among the syntypes of T. henryi: A. Henry 9992A (K) and A. Henry 11756 (K) have glabrous leaves, whereas A. Henry 10530A (K) and A. Henry 10530C (K) have densely pubescent leaves.
蒙自崖爬藤生长环境
生长在海拔600-1600米山谷林中或路旁。