蒙自崖爬藤檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
蒙自崖爬藤 |
中文學名:蒙自崖爬藤 拉丁學名:Tetrastigma henryi Gagn. 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:鼠李目 科:葡萄科 屬:崖爬藤屬 亞 屬:崖爬藤亞屬 崖爬藤組 崖爬藤亞組 三葉系 海拔區間:400-1900 是否中國特有:是 是否引種栽培:非人工引種栽培 |
蒙自崖爬藤(méng zì yá pá téng,學名 Tetrastigma henryi Gagnep.,俗名:柔毛崖爬藤,異名:tetrastigma henryi var. mollifolium Tetrastigma tenue Tetrastigma lunglingense ),本種葉形變異較大,過去中外學者曾劃分成若干種,比較了產於中南半島和喜馬拉雅各地區標本後,發現本種與喜馬拉雅各地區產的T. dubium (Laws.) Planch.很近似,僅本種花瓣外面被的短柔毛較密,花瓣頂端小角長而呈絲狀。作者把產於我國及中南半島各國分布區內的這類植物訂為本種,其他營養器官,特別是葉的形狀、大小、葉小葉邊緣的數目沒有一定變異規律,難於使用這些特徵把它們再劃分成不同的種。 [1]
蒙自崖爬藤形態特徵
木質藤本。小枝圓柱形,有縱棱紋,無毛或微被疏柔毛。卷鬚不分枝,相隔2節間斷與葉對生。
葉通常為3小葉,稀鳥足狀5小葉,小葉橢圓形或長橢圓披針形,長5.5-14厘米,寬2-5厘米,頂端漸尖或尾狀漸尖,中央小葉基部楔形,側小葉基部不對稱,闊楔形或近圓形,邊緣每側有6-8個粗或細鋸齒,上面綠色,下面淺綠色,兩面均無毛;
側脈6-8對,網脈不明顯;葉柄長2.5-10.5厘米,中央小葉柄長1-2厘米,側生小葉柄長0.5-1.5厘米,無毛或被疏柔毛。
花序長2-6厘米,通常比葉柄短,腋生,二級分枝4,集生成傘狀;花序梗長1.5-3厘米,被短柔毛;花梗長2-4毫米,被短柔毛;花蕾卵圓形,高2-2.5毫米;萼碟形,萼齒狹披針形,長約為花瓣的1/2,外面被短柔毛;
花瓣4,高1.7-2.2毫米,頂端有絲線狀小角;雄蕊4,在雌花內花絲極短,花葯呈龜頭狀,敗育;花盤明顯,4淺裂;子房下部與花盤合生,花柱短,柱頭4裂。果實圓球形,直徑0.6-0.8厘米,有種子1-2顆;
種子卵圓形,頂端圓形,基部尖,有短喙,種臍在背面近基部向上達種子頂端呈狹帶形,下部略比上部寬,腹面中棱脊明顯,兩側窪穴呈溝狀,近種子中部斜向上伸展,直達種子頂端。 花期4月,果期9月。 [2]
分類
Tetrastigma henryi Gagnep. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 1: 264. 1910 et Lecomte, Not. Syst. 1: 317. 1911; Chun in Sunyatsenia 2 (1) : 39. 1934; Merr. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 23: 180. 1942; W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17 (3) : 95. 1979 in clavi; 中國高等植物圖鑑補編2: 363 et 364. 1983 in clavi; 雲南種子植物名錄上冊799. 1984.——T. tenue Craib in Kew Bull. 354. 1926; Craib et al. Fl. Siam. Enum. 1: 314. 1931; Gagnep. in Humbert, Suppl. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine. 1: 861. 1950.——T. lunglingense C. Y. Wu ex W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17 (3) : 81 & 95. 1979; 中國高等植物圖鑑補編2: 363. 1983 in clavi.
英文介紹
Tetrastigma henryi var. mollifolium W. T. Wang; T. lunglingense C. Y. Wu & W. T. Wang; T. tenue Craib.
Lianas, woody. Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges, glabrous or slightly pubescent; tendrils unbranched. Leaves 3-foliolate to pedately 5-foliolate, rarely 7-foliolate; petiole 2.5-10.5 cm; central petiolule 1-2 cm, lateral petiolules 0.5-1.5 cm, glabrous; leaflets elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 5.5-14 × 2-5 cm, lateral veins 6-8 pairs, veinlets inconspicuous, base of central leaflet broadly cuneate, base of lateral leaflets asymmetric, broadly cuneate, or subrounded, margin 6-8-toothed on each side, apex acuminate or caudately so. Inflorescence umbelliform, axillary, 2-6 cm; peduncle 1.5-3 cm, pubescent. Pedicel 2-4 mm, pubescent. Buds oval, 2-2.5 mm. Calyx cupular, pubescent, teeth lanceolate, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Petals 1.7-2.2 mm, corniculate with ciliate margins at apex. Disk distinct, 4-lobed. Lower part of ovary adnate to disk; style short; stigma 4-lobed. Berry broadly elliptic to spheroid, 6-8 mm in diam., 1- or 2-seeded. Seeds oval, base sharp with a short rostrum, apex rounded, ventral holes furrowed from middle to near apex. Fl. Apr, fr. Jun-Sep.
● Forests in valleys and on slopes; 600-1600 m. Guizhou, Xizang, Yunnan.
Wang (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(3): 81. 1979) recognized Tetrastigma henryi var. mollifolium. The pubescence on the leaves is variable, even among the syntypes of T. henryi: A. Henry 9992A (K) and A. Henry 11756 (K) have glabrous leaves, whereas A. Henry 10530A (K) and A. Henry 10530C (K) have densely pubescent leaves.
蒙自崖爬藤生長環境
生長在海拔600-1600米山谷林中或路旁。