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阿富汗杨 |
中文名:阿富汗杨 学 名:Populus afghanica 界:植物界 门:被子植物门 Angiospermae 纲:双子叶植物纲 Dicotyledoneae 亚 纲:原始花被亚纲 Archichlamydeae 目:杨柳目 Salicales 科:杨柳科 Salicaceae 属:杨属 Populus 组:黑杨组 Sect. Aigeiros 种:阿富汗杨 |
阿富汗杨(ā fù hàn yáng, 学名:Populus afghanica)为中等乔木。树冠宽阔开展;树皮淡灰色,基部较暗。小枝淡黄褐色或淡黄色,微有棱,无毛。产自中国新疆南部(塔什库尔干、叶城、皮山、墨玉及和田等昆仑山区)。 本种似箭杆杨P. nigra L. var. thevestina (Dode) Bean, 但树冠宽阔开展;叶柄圆形,可与之区别。 [1]
阿富汗杨形态特征
萌枝叶菱状卵圆形或倒卵形,基部楔形;短枝叶下部者较小, 阿富汗杨 长2-3厘米,倒卵圆形或卵圆形,基部楔形;中部者长4-5厘米,宽长近相等,圆状卵圆形;
上部叶较大,长6-7厘米,三角状圆形或扁圆形,宽等于或略大于长,先端渐尖或短渐尖,基部阔楔形、圆形或截形,边缘具钝圆锯齿,微有半透明边,两面无毛; 叶柄圆形。
雄花序长至4厘米,轴无毛;雌花序长5-6厘米,果期增长,轴光滑,花柱短,柱头2。
蒴果长5-6毫米,2瓣裂,果柄长4-5毫米。花期4-5月,果期6月。 [2]
Populus afghanica (Ait. et Hemsl.) Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 36. 1916; Hao in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping, 3: 232. 1935.——P. nigra L. var. afghanica Ait. et Hemsl. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 18: 96. 1880; Kom. Fl. URSS, 5: 230. 1936.——P. usbekistanica Kom. ssp. usbekistanica cv. 'afghanica' W. Bugala, in Arbor. Kornickie, 12: 164. 1967.
Trees medium sized; bark grayish, darker at base of trunk; crown wide. Branchlets yellowish brown or light yellow, slightly angled, glabrous. Leaves on proximal part of short branchlets with petioles terete; leaf blade varying from obovate or ovate at base of branchlet through orbicular-ovate to deltoid-orbicular or compressed orbicular near apex, from 2-3 cm near base of branchlet to 6-7 cm at apex, both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, rounded, or truncate, margin obtusely crenate-serrate, slightly translucent, apex acuminate or shortly acuminate. Sprouts with leaf blade rhombic-ovate or obovate, base cuneate. Male catkin ca. 4 cm. Female catkin 5-6 cm, elongated in fruit; rachis glabrous or tomentose. Female flower: style short; stigmas 2. Capsule 5-6 mm, 2-valved; stipe 4-5 mm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun.
Along river valleys; 1400-2800 m. S Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan].
1 Petiole and catkin rachis glabrous 68a var. afghanica 阿富汗杨 (原变种)
+ Petiole and catkin rachis tomentose 68b var. tajikistanica 喀什阿富汗杨
阿富汗杨生长环境
生长于海拔1400-2800米的低山至高山河谷,呈带状或片状分布。喜沙质土壤,不耐盐碱,喜光,抗寒。
阿富汗杨分布范围
产自中国新疆南部(塔什库尔干、叶城、皮山、墨玉及和田等昆仑山区),也分布在巴基斯坦、阿富汗、伊朗和苏联中亚南部。
阿富汗杨繁殖方法
用种子或插条繁殖。
阿富汗杨参考文献
Populus afghanica (Ait. et Hemsl.) Schneid. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 36. 1916; Hao in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping, 3: 232. 1935.——P. nigra L. var. afghanica Ait. et Hemsl. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 18: 96. 1880; Kom. Fl. URSS, 5: 230. 1936.——P. usbekistanica Kom. ssp. usbekistanica cv. 'afghanica' W. Bugala, in Arbor. Kornickie, 12: 164. 1967.