麻德拉斯葉下珠檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
| 麻德拉斯葉下珠 |
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中文名:麻德拉斯葉下珠 拉丁學名:Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 目:大戟目 亞 目:大戟亞目 科:大戟科 亞 科:葉下珠亞科 屬:葉下珠屬 |
麻德拉斯葉下珠(má dé lā sī yè xià zhū)，學名：Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L.，是大戟科，葉下珠屬植物。產於廣東南部，分布於印度、斯里蘭卡、印度尼西亞、澳大利亞和熱帶非洲。 [1]
麻德拉斯葉下珠形態特徵
麻德拉斯葉下珠是灌木，高達1.5米；多分枝，枝條具4棱，嫩時略帶灰白色；全株均無毛。葉片倒卵形，長約2厘米，上部寬4-5毫米，頂端具尖頭，基部楔形；
葉柄1-1.5毫米；托葉線狀披針形，膜質。花雌雄同株，單朵雄花和2-3朵雌花簇生於葉腋；花梗極短；萼片5，倒卵形；雄花直徑1.2毫米；
花盤腺體5，近圓形，分離；雄蕊3，花絲分離或基部合生，花葯頂端尖，藥室縱裂；雌花直徑2.5毫米；花盤腺體5，長圓形，離生；
子房圓球狀，3室，每室2顆胚珠，花柱3 ，分離，頂端淺2裂。蒴果圓球狀，直徑約5 毫米，平滑，成熟後3 瓣裂；種子具粗條紋。
Herbs, perennial but often flowering in first year, 0.15-0.9(-1.2) m tall, monoecious, glabrous throughout; stem usually woody at base; branching mostly basal, all similar, erect or ascending. Leaves spiral; stipules ovate, 1.5-2(-4) mm, petiole very short; leaf blade linear-lanceolate to obovate, (7-)10-30(-60) × (1-)2-7(-17) mm, leathery, gray-green, base rounded, apex shortly acuminate; lateral veins obscure. Inflorescences axillary fascicles, most axils with 1 female flower, distal axils with 1-4 male flowers.
Male flowers: pedicels ca. 1 mm; sepals 6, suborbicular, ca. 1 × 0.8 mm, margins entire; disk glands 6, small and smooth; stamens 3; filaments connate at base; anthers longitudinally dehiscent.
Female flowers: pedicels 1.5-2 mm; sepals 6, suborbicular to subspatulate, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm, margin entire; persistent in fruit; disk glands 6, ± square; ovary globose, 3-celled, smooth; styles 3, ± free. Fruit a capsule, oblate, 1.2-2 × ca. 3 mm, olive green, smooth. Seed 3-sided, ca. 1.3 mm, light brown, with rows of minute tubercles on back and sides.
Slopes with scrub, elsewhere often in disturbed areas. Hong Kong [India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka; Africa, SW Asia, Australia].
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis is known from the Flora area from a single 19th-century collection from Hong Kong. Elsewhere it is a very successful adventive in drier regions. The description is based largely on material from outside China.
分類文獻
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Line. Sp. Pl. 982. 1753; Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3: 654. 1832; Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Or. tab. 1895, fig. 3. 1852; Benth. Fl. Hongkong.311. 1861; Muell. Arg. in Linnaea 32: 19. 1863, et in DC. Prodr. 15(2) : 362. 1866; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 292. 1887.
麻德拉斯葉下珠生長環境
麻德拉斯葉下珠生長山地灌叢中。
麻德拉斯葉下珠分布範圍
分布於印度、斯里蘭卡、印度尼西亞、澳大利亞和熱帶非洲。模式標本采自印度。