圖爾蓋針茅檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
| 圖爾蓋針茅 |
 |
|
中文名:圖爾蓋針茅 門:被子植物門 Angiospermae 綱:單子葉植物綱 Monocotyledoneae 目:禾本目 Graminales 科:禾本科 Gramineae 亞 科:早熟禾亞科 Pooideae 族:針茅族 Stipeae 屬:針茅屬 Stipa |
圖爾蓋針茅(tú ěr gài zhēn máo)，學名 Stipa arabica Trinius & Ruprecht，異名：Stipa turgaica Stipa szovitsiana Stipa caspia Stipa arabica var. szovitsiana Stipa arabica var. turgaica Stipa arabica subsp. caspia ，鬚根堅韌粗壯。稈高40-80厘米，被灰白色短柔毛，具2-3節，節常呈暗褐色。葉鞘短於節間，被短柔毛或下部幾乎無毛；葉舌披針形，長5-10毫米；葉片縱捲成線形，下面光滑無毛，上面被密毛，基生葉長為稈高1/2。產自新疆、西藏。模式標本采自哈薩克斯坦。 [1]
圖爾蓋針茅形態特徵
圓錐花序緊縮，基部被葉鞘所包，長達35厘米；穎片膜質，窄披針形，具細長尖頭，長2-3厘米；外稃長9-10毫米，具條狀毛，基盤鳥喙狀，長約1毫米；
光滑無毛，芒兩回膝曲扭轉，第一芒柱長1.5-1.8厘米，具長約1毫米的柔毛，第二芒柱長1.5厘米，芒針長6-7厘米；
自第二芒柱到芒針具漸長1-2.5毫米的羽狀毛，內稃與外稃近等長，具2脈。花果期5-7月 。
Stipa arabica subsp. caspia (K. Koch) Tzvelev; S. arabica var. szovitsiana Trinius; S. arabica var. turgaica (Roshevitz) Tzvelev; S. caspia K. Koch; S. szovitsiana (Trinius) Grisebach; S. turgaica Roshevitz.
Perennial, tufted. Culms 40–80 cm tall, gray pubescent, 2–3-noded, nodes often dark-brown. Basal leaves 1/2 length of culms; leaf sheaths shorter than internodes, pubescent or lower part subglabrous; leaf blades filiform, convolute, outer surface glabrous to densely pilose; ligule lanceolate, 5–10 mm. Panicle contracted, 15–35 cm, base enclosed by slightly inflated uppermost leaf sheath.
Spikelets pale green or greenish yellow; glumes narrowly lanceolate, 2–3 cm, membranous, apex long-acuminate; callus pungent, ca. 1 mm; lemma 9–12 mm, shortly hairy in longitudinal lines not reaching apex, a ring of hairs at awn articulation; awn 9–20 cm, deciduous, hairy throughout, 2-geniculate, column 1.5–1.8 cm to first bend, hairs ca. 1 mm, ca. 1.5 cm to second bend, bristle 6–7 cm, plumose on second column and bristle, hairs 1–2.5 mm. Fl. and fr. May–Jul.
Rocky slopes, Gobi desert; 500–3100 m. Xinjiang, Xizang [Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia].
This is a widespread and variable species, reaching the eastern limit of its range in W China. It is sometimes subdivided into more narrowly defined species or infraspecific taxa based on variations in leaf indumentum and spikelet size. Chinese material is referable to subsp. caspia, or Stipa caspia at specific rank. Stipa arabica subsp. arabica from SW Asia has lemmas 7–9 mm and awns not exceeding 9 cm. Stipa turgaica is based on a form with densely pilose leaf blades. Stipa arabica is a good forage grass in desert steppe regions.
分類文獻
《中國植物志》 第9(3)卷 (1987) >> 280頁 PDF >> 圖爾蓋針茅 Stipa turgaica SYN 註：學名已修訂，接受名為Stipa arabica。 13.圖爾蓋針茅（擬）圖版67：11-15
Stipa turgaica Roshev. Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. 11: 22. 1949. ——Stipa arabica Trin. et Rupr. subsp. caspia (C. Koch) Tzvel. in Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 11: 16. 1974.
圖爾蓋針茅生長環境
多生於海拔560-3100米的戈壁灘地或石質山坡上。
圖爾蓋針茅分布範圍
圖爾蓋針茅主要價值
荒漠草原地區牲畜所喜食的1種優良牧草 。