異葉樓梯草檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
| 異葉樓梯草 |
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中文名:異葉樓梯草 學 名:Elatostema monandrum (D. Don) Hara 界:植物界 門:被子植物門 綱:雙子葉植物綱 亞 綱:原始花被亞綱 目:蕁麻目 科:蕁麻科 屬:樓梯草屬 種:異葉樓梯草 |
異葉樓梯草（yì yè lóu tī cǎo，學名：Elatostema monandrum (D. Don) Hara）是蕁麻科、樓梯草屬 植物。小草本。通常不分枝，葉多對生，正常葉自寬橢圓形至斜橢圓形或斜披針形。分布於中國西藏（察隅、墨脫、林芝、波密、定結、吉隆、聶拉木）、四川西南部、雲南和貴州西部。 [1]
異葉樓梯草形態特徵
小草本。莖高5-20厘米,通常不分枝,下部有疏柔毛,上部無毛。葉多對生,具短柄；
正常葉自寬橢圓形至斜橢圓形或斜披針形,長0.3-4厘米,全緣或邊緣上部有疏齒,無毛或近無毛,3出脈,側脈每側1-2條；退化葉小,橢圓形至披針形,長2-6毫米。雌雄異株。
雄花序近無梗,直徑1.5-2毫米,有3-10花；花序托不明顯；苞片約2,卵形,長2-2.5毫米；小苞片披針形至線形,長1-2毫米；雄花無毛: 花被片4,淡紫色,狹長圓形,長約1.2毫米；雄蕊4。
雌花序有極短梗,直徑2-5毫米,有多數花；花序托小或呈盤狀；苞片少數,卵形,長約1.8毫米；小苞片匙狀線形,長約1毫米。瘦果長約0.9毫米,約有6條縱棱。花期6-8月。[2]
分類文獻
Elatostema monandrum (D. Don) Hara in Ohashi, Fl. East. Himal. 3rd. Rep. 21. 1975; W. T. Wang in Bull. Bot. Lab. N.-E. For. Inst. 7: 37. 1980; 西藏植物志1: 551. 1983; 雲南種子植物名錄, 上冊, 723. 1984; 貴州植物志4: 49. 1989. ——Procris monandra D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 61. 1825. ——P. diversifolia Wall. Cat. n. 4631. 1831, nom. nud.——P. elegans Wall. Cat. n. 4632. 1831, nom nud. ——Elatostema surculosum Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 6: t. 2091, f. 4. 1853. ——E. diversi foli-s um Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 16 (1): 189. 1869. ——E. surculosum var. elegan Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 573. 1888; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 149. 1929. ——Pellionia mairei Levl. in Mde. d. Plts. 18: 28. 1916.
Procris monandra D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 61. 1825; Elatostema diversifolium Weddell; E. monandrum f. ciliatum (J. D. Hooker) Hara; E. monandrum f. pinnatifidum (J. D. Hooker) Hara; E. monandrum var. ciliatum (J. D. Hooker) Murti; E. monandrum var. pinnatifidum (J. D. Hooker) Murti; E. muscicola W. T. Wang; E. surculosum Wight; E. surculosum var. ciliatum J. D. Hooker; E. surculosum var. elegans J. D. Hooker; E. surculosum var. pinnatifidum J. D. Hooker; Pellionia mairei H. Léveillé.
Herbs dioecious, 5-20 cm tall. Stems ascending or erect, usually simple, pilose, furfuraceous. Leaves usually opposite, glabrous or glabrescent; nanophylls elliptic to lanceolate, 2-6 mm; stipules obscure; petiole 1-2 mm; leaf blade obliquely cuneate, obliquely elliptic, or lanceolate, 0.8-4(-6.5) × 0.4-1.2(-2) cm, herbaceous or membranous, major basal lateral veins both arising at base of leaf blade, cystoliths conspicuous, sparse or present only along margins; base obliquely cuneate, margin dentate or pinnatifid, apex acutate to acuminate. Male inflorescences solitary, simple, 1.5-2 mm in diam.; peduncle 0-1 mm; receptacle obscure; bracts connate, 2-2.5 mm; bracteoles lanceolate to linear. Female inflorescences solitary, 2-5 mm in diam., sessile; receptacle small; bracts broadly ovate; bracteoles spatulate-linear. Male flowers 4-merous. Achenes ellipsoid, 6-ribbed. Fl. Jun-Oct.
Mountain or valley forests, streamsides, dark damp rocks, valley precipices, on tree trunks; 800-3000 m. W Guizhou, SW Shaanxi, SW Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, N Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand].
異葉樓梯草產地生境
分布於中國西藏（察隅、墨脫、林芝、波密、定結、吉隆、聶拉木）、四川西南部、雲南和貴州西部；尼泊爾、不丹、印度北部也有分布。生於海拔2000-2800米的山地林中或陰處石上。[3]