披髮南星檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史

披髮南星

原圖鏈接 來自植物智

中文名:披髮南星 拉丁學名:Arisaema smitinandii S. Y. Hu 界:植物界 門:被子植物 綱:單子葉植物綱 亞 綱:澤瀉亞綱 目:澤瀉目 科:天南星科 族:天南星族 屬:天南星屬 分布區域:我國特有，產西藏

披髮南星(pī fā nán xīng)，是天南星科植物，我國特有，產西藏，常見於海拔700-3200米的松林、松櫟混交林、荒坡、荒地至高山草地。有很高的醫用價值。

披髮南星形態特徵

Arisaema tsangpoense J. T. Yin & Gusman.

Plants perennial, evergreen, basically dioecious. Rhizome ca. 5 × 2.5 cm. Pseudostem absent. Leaves 1-4 together; petiole dull dark brown to violet, with light brown transverse markings, cylindric, ca. 25 × 0.5-1 cm;

leaf blade pedate with 3-5 segments; leaflets petiolulate, greenish, lanceolate, membranous, apex acute ending in a short arista; central leaflet with petiolule to 3 cm, blade ca. 15 × 5 cm, lateral veins numerous, base cuneate; lateral leaflets with petiolule to 5 mm, blade 12-15 × 3-4 cm, base obliquely cuneate.

Peduncle whitish, cylindric, much shorter than petioles, ca. 2 × 0.5 cm, surrounded by 3 cataphylls; cataphylls light brown, oblong, ca. 2, 4, and 6 cm, respectively.

Spathe: tube white-green, with numerous green longitudinal stripes, cylindric, ca. 3 × 1.5 cm, throat margin widely recurved; limb arched over tube, green, with darker longitudinal veins, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 7 × 4 cm, apex acuminate, ending in a tail ca. 1 cm. Spadix unisexual;

female zone conic, 13-15 × 5-10 mm; ovaries congested, green, fusiform, with 1 basal locule, each locule containing 3 ovules, fusiform and slightly curved; stigma disciform, borne on a short style;

male zone cylindric, ca. 2 × 0.5 cm; stamens loosely arranged, each consisting of 3-6 anthers, stipitate; thecae yellowish, subglobose, dehiscing by oblong pores; appendix sessile, dark green to purple, slender, 15-40 × 1.5-3 mm, covered with numerous ascending filiform neuter flowers throughout its length; neuter flowers in distal section accompanied by an axillary budlike structure. Fl. Nov.

生境產地

Forests; 800-900 m. SE Xizang (Mêdog) [S Thailand].

辨析

Arisaema smitinandii was recorded from China by H. Li (Aroideana 30: 45-48. 2007). The specimens on which this record was based (Mêdog Expedition 1090, KUN [3 sheets]) are paratypes of the name A. tsangpoense J. T. Yin & Gusman (Ann. Bot. Fenn. 43: 156. 2006; and see subsequent discussion by Gusman, Aroideana 31: 124. 2008).

One of us (Murata) agrees with Gusman (loc. cit.) in recognizing the Chinese plants as a distinct species, A. tsangpoense, unique in having a budlike structure present at the axil of the neuter flowers, whereas no such structure has been described or illustrated for A. smitinandii; furthermore, the peduncle is very short in A. tsangpoense but longer than the petiole in A. smitinandii.

Murata believes that true A. smitinandii is actually a synonym of A. chumponense Gagnepain, which is endemic to Thailand. On the other hand, one of us (Li) believes that A. smitinandii and A. tsangpoense are conspecific because they have the same filiform neuter flowers on the spadix appendix. Li also believes that the budlike structure at the axil of the neuter flowers is merely an additional neuter flower and that differences in the number and shape of neuter flowers in Arisaema should not be used to distinguish species.

Moreover, Li notes that variation in peduncle length is known in other species of Arisaema and, in the case of A. smitinandii, is probably the result of differing climatic conditions in the disjunct areas of the distribution. Li notes a similar disjunction in the distribution of A. cuspidatum Engler, known from the Naga Hills in NE India and from Penang and Selangor in W Peninsular Malaysia. However, P. Boyce (in reviewing this treatment) believes that A. cuspidatum is a junior synonym of A. roxburghii Kunth, which was described from Penang, and that the plant in the Naga Hills is A. album N. E. Brown.Arisaema smitinandii was recorded from China by H. Li (Aroideana 30: 45-48. 2007).

The specimens on which this record was based (Mêdog Expedition 1090, KUN [3 sheets]) are paratypes of the name A. tsangpoense J. T. Yin & Gusman (Ann. Bot. Fenn. 43: 156. 2006; and see subsequent discussion by Gusman, Aroideana 31: 124. 2008). One of us (Murata) agrees with Gusman (loc. cit.) in recognizing the Chinese plants as a distinct species, A. tsangpoense, unique in having a budlike structure present at the axil of the neuter flowers, whereas no such structure has been described or illustrated for A. smitinandii;

furthermore, the peduncle is very short in A. tsangpoense but longer than the petiole in A. smitinandii. Murata believes that true A. smitinandii is actually a synonym of A. chumponense Gagnepain, which is endemic to Thailand. On the other hand, one of us (Li) believes that A. smitinandii and A. tsangpoense are conspecific because they have the same filiform neuter flowers on the spadix appendix. Li also believes that the budlike structure at the axil of the neuter flowers is merely an additional neuter flower and that differences in the number and shape of neuter flowers in Arisaema should not be used to distinguish species.

Moreover, Li notes that variation in peduncle length is known in other species of Arisaema and, in the case of A. smitinandii, is probably the result of differing climatic conditions in the disjunct areas of the distribution. Li notes a similar disjunction in the distribution of A. cuspidatum Engler, known from the Naga Hills in NE India and from Penang and Selangor in W Peninsular Malaysia. However, P. Boyce (in reviewing this treatment) believes that A. cuspidatum is a junior synonym of A. roxburghii Kunth, which was described from Penang, and that the plant in the Naga Hills is A. album N. E. Brown.

山珠南星主要價值

功能用途 塊莖入藥，雲南普遍作半夏用，稱山珠半夏。莖葉是良好的豬飼料。

醫藥：【僳僳藥】泥欠補蘭，滇南星：塊莖治面神經麻痹，半身不遂，小兒驚風，破傷風，癲癇《怒江藥》。【白藥】三篩枯啟雍：塊莖用於風濕痹痛，跌打損傷，關節炎，骨折，瘡癰，痰飲，嘔吐，胸隔脹滿，中風痰厥《大理資志》。

【藏藥】達羔：塊莖治鼻炎，鼻息肉，鼻腫瘤《藏本草》。【彝藥】約木卡立，約五阿乃，得勒弱：塊莖或花果主跌打損傷，外傷出血，蛇傷，無名腫毒，風疹，痰咳，痔瘡《彝植藥續》。塊莖治腎虛耳鳴，脾胃不和，胸膈脹滿，咳喘嘔吐，中風痰厥，血虛風癢《哀牢》。

醫藥：塊莖：雲南、貴州作半夏用，稱山珠半夏。