木里堇菜檢視原始碼討論檢視歷史
木里堇菜 |
中文名:木里堇菜 門中文名:被子植物門 門英文名:Angiospermae 綱中文名:雙子葉植物綱 科:堇菜科, 屬:堇菜屬 |
木里堇菜(mù lǐ jǐn cài),學名 Viola muliensis Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang,雙子葉植物綱,堇菜科,堇菜屬草本植物,多年生草本,對28厘米高,缺乏的匍匐莖。 垂直的根莖,在3厘米,密被有節,具多數暗褐色的鬚根。 直徑的莖1-5,0.5-1毫米, 無毛,極少1或2 分開。 葉寬卵形的或三角形,極少圓形, 1.5-4.5 * 2-8 厘米,兩面,紙質綠色和無毛,基部截形至寬寬楔形,很少寬心形,3鳥足狀深裂達3-5毫米在基部;中間部的菱形的或線形, 基部楔形或狹楔形,先端漸尖,不裂,邊緣2或3具牙齒的在上半部分,有時2或3裂達6-7毫米自基部,裂片稀疏的2或3銳裂;產於海拔約2500米,四川西南部木里(Muli)。
生態特徵
多年生草本,對28厘米高,缺乏的匍匐莖。 垂直的根莖,在3厘米,密被有節,具多數暗褐色的鬚根。 直徑的莖1-5,0.5-1毫米, 無毛,極少1或2 分開。 葉寬卵形的或三角形,極少圓形, 1.5-4.5 * 2-8 厘米,兩面,紙質綠色和無毛;
基部截形至寬寬楔形,很少寬心形,3鳥足狀深裂達3-5毫米在基部;中間部的菱形的或線形, 基部楔形或狹楔形,先端漸尖,不裂,邊緣2或3具牙齒的在上半部分,有時2或3裂達6-7毫米自基部,裂片稀疏的2或3銳裂;
側間壁很少不裂,邊緣2或3具牙齒,很少全緣的,通常不相等2或3裂,具小裂片2或3的裂片的。基生葉1-4,有時枯萎,具長葉柄; 葉柄2.5-14厘米,無毛。 向上的更除了葉柄短和葉片類似於基生的小的莖生葉。
托葉2,葉狀,鑽形或者線, 4-22 * 0.5-3 毫米,離生,,邊緣全緣,很少基於1-具小齒。 花腋生,變黃,直徑約1.5厘米;花梗2-4.5厘米,細長,無毛,近先端具2小苞片; 小苞片絲狀,非常小。
萼片綠色,狹線形, 3-5 * 長約0.5毫米,無毛,邊緣全緣,先端漸尖; 附屬物非常短,無毛。 花瓣無毛; 匙形上部的長圓形,8-10毫米,3-4毫米寬的在上半部分,先端圓形;
長圓形匙形的側生的,10-12毫米,2.5-3.5毫米寬在上半部分,先端圓形,在喉具2-4黑色條紋; 寬長圓形匙形的下部花瓣,5-7毫米,2.5-3毫米寬在上半部分,先端鈍的或驟尖的,在密被黑色具條紋喉,具短距;
長約,距黃毫米子房卵形體; 短棍棒狀的花柱,基部膝曲,1-1.5毫米; 柱頭頭狀,厚,稍2裂,無毛。 蒴果卵球形的或球狀的,無毛,長約4.5毫米,直徑約2.5毫米。種子卵球形 0.8 * 1.5 毫米。花期7 月,果期9 月。
Herbs perennial, to 28 cm high, lacking stolons. Rootstock vertical, to 3 cm, densely articulate, with numerous dark brown fibrous roots. Stems 1-5, 0.5-1 mm in diam., glabrous, very rarely 1- or 2-branched.
Leaves broadly ovate or triangular, very rarely orbicular, 1.5-4.5 × 2-8 cm, papery, both surfaces green and glabrous, base truncate to widely cuneate, rarely widely cordate, 3-pedatipartite to 3-5 mm from base; middle partition rhombic or broadly linear, base cuneate or narrowly cuneate, apex acuminate, undivided, margin 2- or 3-dentate in upper part, sometimes 2- or 3-fid to 6-7 mm from base, lobes laxly 2- or 3-incised-lobulate; lateral partitions rarely undivided, margin 2- or 3-dentate, rarely entire, often unequally 2- or 3-fid, lobes 2- or 3-lobulate.
Basal leaves 1-4, sometimes withered, long petiolate; petioles 2.5-14 cm, glabrous. Cauline leaves similar to basal ones but petioles shorter and blades smaller upward. Stipules 2, leaflike, subulate or linear, 4-22 × 0.5-3 mm, free, glabrous, margin entire, rarely base 1-denticulate. Flowers axillary, yellow, ca. 1.5 cm in diam.; pedicels 2-4.5 cm, slender, glabrous, near apex 2-bracteolate; bracteoles filiform, very small. Sepals green, narrowly linear, 3-5 × ca. 0.5 mm, glabrous, margin entire, apex acuminate; appendages very short, glabrous.
Petals glabrous; upper ones oblong-spatulate, 8-10 mm, 3-4 mm wide in upper part, apex rounded; lateral ones oblong-spatulate, 10-12 mm, 2.5-3.5 mm wide in upper part, apex rounded, at throat with 2-4 black striae; lower petal broadly oblong-spatulate, 5-7 mm, 2.5-3 mm wide in upper part, apex obtuse or cuspidate, at throat densely black striate, shortly spurred; spur yellow, ca. 0.5 mm.
Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style shortly clavate, base geniculate, 1-1.5 mm; stigma capitate, thick, slightly 2-lobed, glabrous. Capsule ovoid or globose, glabrous, ca. 4.5 mm, ca. 2.5 mm in diam. Seeds ovoid, ca. 0.8 × 1.5 mm. Fl. Jul, fr. Sep.
產地生境
● Forest margins, moss-covered rock crevices; ca. 2500 m. SW Sichuan (Muli). ● 林緣,長滿苔蘚的岩石裂縫; 海拔約2500米,四川西南部木里(Muli)。
This is a very rare and critically endangered species. 這一稀有和嚴重瀕危物種。